国际能源机构应急石油管理制度对我国的启示

doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5094.2015.09.01.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

应急石油共享体系是国际能源机构的核心制度，也是国际能源机构各种应急反应机制的衍生基础和合法性根
源。国际能源机构原初设计的应急共享体系是具有法律约束力的正式制度，对成员国具有强制力和约束力。尽管第
二次石油危机的供应中断程度没有达到全面激活应急共享体系的标准，但危机仍然造成了非常严重的经济损失，国际
能源机构原初设计的应急共享体系暴露出灵活性不足的缺陷，制度改革和调整势在必行。经过40 年的制度变迁，国
际能源机构的应急石油管理制度已经能够灵活应对各种层次和规模的供应中断危机。应急石油管理制度变迁呈现三
大特点，即：制度调整的非正式路径、运用政治而非法律手段解决争端、成员国日益重视市场功能在危机应对中的作
用。国际能源机构应急石油共享体系的制度设计、制度变迁特征以及危机管理实践经验为我国设计和运行应急石油
管理制度提供了有益的启示。

关键词: 国际能源机构, 应急反应机制, 能源危机, 石油安全, 能源供需格局

Abstract:

Emergency Sharing System，the crucial system of IEA（International Energy Agency），is the basis and the legal
origin of all kinds of emergency response system of IEA. IEA’s Emergency Sharing System was originally designed to be a
formal institution with legal binding obligations and has coercive binding power for member states. Although the Second Oil
Crisis didn’t reach the point of fully activating Emergency Sharing System，the crisis caused a great economic loss and revealed
that the System was defective due to its lack of flexibility，and that reform and adaptation of the System is imperative. After
40 years of development，IEA’s Emergency Oil Management System has successfully responded to multi-level oil supply
disruptions flexibly. The change of Emergency Oil Management System displays three characteristics: the informal path of
system adaptation，dispute settlement through political means instead of law and increasing attention of member states to the
effect of market function in crisis response. The design and development of Emergency Sharing System，together with IEA’
s experience in oil crisis management would provide lessons for China to learn in designing and operating its emergency oil
management system.

Key words: IEA, emergency response system, energy crisis, oil security, energy supply and demand pattern

中图分类号:

DF467

李昕. 国际能源机构应急石油管理制度对我国的启示[J]. 西南石油大学学报(社会科学版), 2015, 17(6): 9-18.

Li Xin. Inspiration of Emergency Oil Management System of International Energy Agency for China[J]. 西南石油大学学报(社会科学版), 2015, 17(6): 9-18.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: http://journal15.magtechjournal.com/Jwk_xnsk/CN/10.11885/j.issn.1674-5094.2015.09.01.01

http://journal15.magtechjournal.com/Jwk_xnsk/CN/Y2015/V17/I6/9

参考文献

[1] Agreement on an International Energy Program（Asamen
-ded to 7th August 1992）[EB/OL]（2005 – 04 – 12）[2010
– 06 – 07]. http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/1990/1-
ieahistory.pdf.
[2] Daniel Badger. International Cooperation during Oil Supply
Disruptions: The Role of the International Energy
Agency[C]//George Horwich, David Weimer. Responding
to International Oil Crises.Washington: American Enterprise
Institute for Public Policy Research, 1988: 1 – 16.
[3] The Agreement on an International Energy Program（An
-nex Emergency Reserves, Articles 2）[EB/OL]（2006 –
08 – 21）[2010 – 06 – 08]. https://www.iea.org/media/abou
tus/iep.pdf.
[4] 张建新. 能源与当代国际关系[M]. 上海：上海人民出
版社，2014:194.
[5] IEA Emergency Management Manual（EMM,5th Edition,
1994, Section 4.2）[EB/OL]（2006 – 03 – 13）[2010 – 06 – 08].
http://www.iea.org/media/1ieahistory.pdf.
[6] 罗伯特基欧汉. 霸权之后：世界政治经济中的合作
与纷争[M]. 苏长和，译. 上海：上海人民出版社，2006:
221.
[7] 丹尼尔耶金. 石油大博弈：追逐石油、金钱与权力
的斗争（下）[M]. 艾平，译. 北京：中信出版社，2008:198 – 199.
[8] SCOTT R. The History of the International Energy Agen
-cy:The First Twenty Years（Vol. II, Major Policies and
Actions of the IEA）[EB/OL]（2006 – 07 – 09）[2010 – 06
– 07]. http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/1990/2-iea
history.pdf.
[9] Sarah A Emerson. When Should We Use Strategic Oil
Stocks[J]. Energy Policy, 2006, 34（18）: 377 – 386.
[10] 肖兴利. 国际能源机构：能源安全法律制度研究[M].
北京：中国政法大学出版社，2009:142 – 143.
[11] Craig S Bamberger. The History of the International
Energy Agency: The First Thirty Years（Supplement to
Volumes I, II& III）[EB/OL]（2004 – 08 – 17）[2010 – 06 – 10].
http://www.iea.org/media/4_ieahistory.pdf.
[12] IEA. Energy Policies of IEA Countries: 2005 Review[M].
Paris: OECD Publishing, 2006: 144.
[13] Joan MacNaughton. Cooperating on Energy Policy: The
Work of the International Energy Agency[C]// Nicholas
Bayne ,Stephen Woolcock. The New Economic Diplomacy:
Decision-Making and Negotiation in International
Economic Relations.Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007: 295.
[14] Thijs Van de Graaf and Dries Lesage. The International
Energy Agency after 35 Years: Reform Needs and Institutional
Adaptability[J]. Review of International Organization,
2009, 4（3）: 311.
[15] 国家能源局. 我国第二批石油储备加速推进[EB/OL]
（2011 – 08 – 17）[2014 – 09 – 15]. http://www.nea.gov.cn/
2011-08/17/c_131075249.htm.
[16] 王林. 2012 年中国石油消费再次领涨全球[N]. 中国能
源报，2013 – 07 – 08（7）.
[17] BP Statistical Riview of World Energy June 2014[EB/OL]
（2014 – 06 – 15）[2014 – 08 – 23]. http://www.bp.com/con
-tent/dam/bp/pdf/Energy-economics/statistical-review-
2014/BP-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2014-fullreport.
pdf.
[18] 田春荣. 2013 年中国石油和天然气进出口状况分析[J].
国际石油经济，2014（3）: 33 – 35.
[19] 中国国务院. 能源发展“十二五”规划[EB/OL]（2013 –
01 – 23） [2014 – 09 – 22]. http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2013-
01/23/content_2318554.htm.
[20] 新华网. 中共十八届三中全会公报[EB/OL]（2013 – 11 –
12）[2014 – 08 – 01]. http://news.xinhuanet.com/house/su
zhou/2013-11-12/c_118113773.htm.
[21] 国家发改委. 关于进一步完善成品油价格形成机制的
通知[EB/OL]（2013 – 03 – 26）[2014 – 08 – 02]. http://bgt.
ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/201303/t20130326_534082.html.
[22] 田春荣. 发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用[J]. 国际
石油经济，2014（2）: 64.