Abstract: Protection of minority cultures is an extremely important work in cultural construction. Population migration of the frontier minorities represented by the Hani has been on the rise in recent years and has a seasonal feature around festival time. The author analyzes changes in Hani culture and its impacts in the context of population mobility enhancement. The study suggests that large flows of migrant workers have brought unprecedented social impact on the once peaceful ethnic villages，causing problems in respects like security of the life of the elderly left behind，education of the left behind children，cultivation of Hani terraces which is known as the agriculture heritage of the Hani People，the maintenance of traditional national culture，etc.

Key words: the Hani People, migrant workers, population migration, social impact, national culture