Abstract: At present, China is in a crucial period of developing from a large agricultural country into an agricultural power, and the development of new quality productive forces in agriculture is the major support for achieving this strategic transformation. The key factor driving the formation of these new productive forces is technological innovation; grasping the trend of scientific and technological innovation and promoting the development of new agricultural productive forces is not only the reflection of the theoretical insights of Marxism on the role of science and technology in advancing agricultural productivity and embodiment of the historical evolution of technological innovation in agricultural productivity, but also the practical crystallization of the Communist Party of China (CPC) 's leadership of agricultural modernization. New quality productive forces in agriculture are composed of laborers with higher scientific literacy, means of labor with greater production efficiency, and digitized objects of labor in agriculture, all characteristic of high-tech and green development and increase of total factor productivity. To develop new productive forces on agriculture, it is essential to understand the agricultural situation and to explore differentiated development paths tailored to local conditions at the macro level, to accelerate industrial layout in line with digitalization and intelligence trends at the meso level, and to focus on the subjectivity of individuals at the micro level by strengthening the cultivation of agricultural scientific and technological talents. This will provide new momentum for building China into an agricultural power.

Key words: new quality productive forces in agriculture, agricultural productivity, scientific and technological innovation, an agricultural power, agricultural modernization