Abstract: Urban-rural integrated development is an inherent requirement and an inevitable choice for Chinese modernization. Grounded in the macro-context of Chinese modernization, this paper systematically examines the realistic landscape of China's urban-rural integration. The study finds that although China's urbanization has achieved a historic leap, moving towards high-quality integration, there still exist multiple structural problems, which are manifested as institutional barriers to factor mobility and market mechanism stagnation, systemic imbalance and structural contradiction in urban-rural industrial integration, structural failure and peripheralization in cultural governance, and institutional fragmentation of the social security system. These contradictions are nested within each other, forming a profound impediment to integrated development. In response to these problems, this paper suggests the following measures: reconstructing the market-based allocation mechanism of factors through deepening property rights reshaping; building a new ecology of urban rural industrial integration based on technological innovation, reshaping the urban-rural cultural co-governance pattern through value equivalence and bidirectional interaction, and advancing the systematic integration of the social security system through upgrading the coordination level and transforming the relief paradigm, so as to provide solid institutional support and practical guidance for the comprehensive advancement of Chinese modernization and an urban-rural community with a shared future characterized by functional complementarity, equality of rights, and shared well-being.

Key words: Chinese modernization, urban-rural integration, common prosperity, rural vitalization, urban-rural dual structure, modernization of agriculture and rural areas