Abstract: Against the backdrop of an accelerating readjustment of the global energy landscape, where geopolitical risks and industrial chain restructuring are intertwined, the risk boundaries of national energy security have expanded from the conventional energy supply links to the support of new energy industrial chains and the operation of energy systems. Constraints on the supply of critical minerals, such as lithium and rare earths, may impair the manufacturing of energy equipment, while disruptions in the supply of core components, including inverters and power semiconductors, may weaken system operation support. By integrating strategic hinterlands, energy industry backup, and energy security into a unified analytical framework, this study focuses on the critical nodes of the new energy industrial chain, examines the mechanisms for enhancing the resilience of national energy security, and identifies the major constraints currently hindering progress. Owing to their resource endowments, industrial foundations, and spatial depth, strategic hinterlands can serve as practical carriers for ensuring the sustained supply of critical minerals, substituting equipment manufacturing, reserving technologies, and regulating energy systems. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including unclear identification of target sectors, underdeveloped incentive mechanisms, inadequate coordination in spatial layout, and an incomplete peacetime-emergency activation mechanism. Therefore, priority areas should be identified, incentive mechanisms improved, hinterland layouts optimized, and mobilization mechanisms strengthened. These efforts will facilitate the transformation of strategic hinterlands from mere source-bearing spaces into functional spaces for national energy security, thereby providing support for the construction of a new energy system and the secure operation of the modernized industrial system.

Key words: strategic hinterlands, critical industry backup, energy industry backup, energy security resilience, new energy system, energy powerhouse