Abstract: Starting from the critique of political economy, the classic Marxist writers analyzed the problems of the capitalist society in terms of production mode and distribution mode, and thus demonstrate the future destiny of capitalism. On this basis, some theorists started from the perspectives of ideology, political principles, social ethics, and modernity crisis, and put forward the relevant theories of capitalist criticism. As a representative of ecological Marxism, William Rice focused on the issue of consumption alienation. Moreover, Rice did not proceed from the social supply but from the social needs, and deeply analyzed the relationship between goods, demand and satisfaction, and demonstrated the inevitability of the outbreak of ecological crisis, and then transitioned to the level of
institutional criticism. This is the main path of Rice's criticism of capitalism and the uniqueness of its ideas.