Abstract: A scientific and reasonable reimbursement scheme is the premise of healthy development of new rural cooperative medical care system.This paper analyzes problems in the present reimbursement scheme in terms of the three major influencing factors: reimbursement ratio，deductible，and upper limit of reimbursement.The findings reveal that the insured rural residents now get better reimbursed when hospitalized locally.This offers them great convenience but at the same time fails to keep them from being impoverished by serious diseases.Based on the above findings，the authors suggest a differentiated deductible amount to distribute patients，a similar reimbursement ratio to guarantee a fair new rural cooperative medical care system，and a combination of yearly upper limit and disease upper limit to ensure fund security.

Key words: new rural cooperative medical care system, reimbursement scheme, reimbursement ratio, deductible, upper limit