Seismic Characteristics Analysis of Karst Cavity Reservoirs Based on Seismic Numerical Simulation

doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2022.03.31.04

Abstract

Abstract: The “string of beads” response is a common feature on seismic section of carbonate karst reservoir in Tarim Basin. In order to understand the beaded response characteristics of different karst caves, a three dimensional model constituted of carbonate fracture-cavern bodies and strike-slip faults has been built based on the interpretation from real seismic data. Seven single-factor controlled modes of karst cavity body combinations are imbedded in the model. According to fluid type, cave size, distance to strong reflection interface, vertical resolution distance, lateral resolution distance, filling type and porosity. The numerical seismic simulation is performed over the model and the reverse time migration is done to the simulated data. For the “beads” response characteristics of the seven single-factor controlled modes on the migration section, a detailed comparison and analysis is made in respect of the relationship between the resolution, amplitude energy and controlling factors. The corresponding changing patterns on seismic section to the variation of controlling factor are concluded, and the following conclusions are obtained. The “beads” response of the different fluid type in karst cave are hardly distinguished on the migrated section. And its influence is mainly reflected in the variation of relative amplitude energy with effective elastic parameters. The energy amplitude of “beads” response has a positive relationship with the cave size. The distance of cave apart from the strong axis will affect the energy amplitude of the response. The vertical distance between caverns does not affect the beading response form of a single caverns, but affects the amplitude energy on the connection part. If the horizontal distance between caverns is too small, the “beads” response of two caverns will merge and form the “beads” illusion of a large cavern. The degree of mud filling and porosity in the cave will affect the amplitude energy of the “beads” response. By summarizing the variation rules of seismic response characteristics under the control modes of different factors and variables, the pattern recognition can provide a reference for effective prediction of fracture-cavity reservoirs.

Key words: fracture-cavern reservoirs, 3D numerical modeling, reflection characteristics, “bead” responses, RTM

CLC Number:

TE122

ZHENG Duoming, WANG Jiahong, XIAO Youjun, XIAO Wen, GAO Hongliang. Seismic Characteristics Analysis of Karst Cavity Reservoirs Based on Seismic Numerical Simulation[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition), 2023, 45(6): 57-68.

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