Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition)

Reflections on Research Status of Subsea Test Tree andHome-made Feasibilities

Liu Qingyou;Tang Yang

2013, 35(2): 1-7.

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The subsea test tree is a key risk control equipment in deep water testing process. Under the emergency condition，it is
quick to disconnect test column，plug the downhole string within the high-pressure oil and gas in order to achieve the protection
of test equipment and personnel safety and to avoid pollution of the marine environment in special sea conditions. Through
extensive literature data collection and on-site research，we analyze the subsea test tree research status at home and abroad，
detailing the functions，structural features of foreign subsea test tree，applications，and domestic subsea test tree development
and application at home. The comparative analysis shows that：the foreign subsea test tree is the powerful，reliable for different
conditions，and products by different companies we discuss have their own characteristics in structure and function. At the same
time，with reference to the research and development process of the application status of domestic subsea test tree，problems
that may arise in subsea test tree in China，and we explore the feasibility of subsea test tree production in China，too. We believe
that this paper is of significance to research and development and manufacturing of China’s offshore oil subsea equipment.

Palaeosalinity and its Controlling on the Development of Beachand Bar in Lake Facies

Song Guoqi;Wang Yanzhang;Shi Xiaohu;Lu Da;Yan Ruiping

2013, 35(2): 8-14.

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We make the content of Boron and the ratio of Sr/Ba、Sr/Ca the target，and calculate the palaeosalinity values
of sedimentation epoch in Sha 4 of the south slope in Dongying Depression. The palaeosalinity in vertical direction totally
decreases from down to up. The palaeosalinity is higher in early stage of lake invading and becomes lower in later stage. The
east is relatively higher in plane and the north is lower. The distribution of palaeosalinity is controlled by palaeowater-depth.
The palaeosalinity controls different types of carbonate rock and the palaeosalinity limits is in 10.0 ‰ 35.0 ‰. The dolomite is
mainly distributed in the area with palaeosalinity higher than 15.0 ‰ while the limestone is mainly distributes in the area lower
than 20.0 ‰. The high salinity of water supplies the material base and media condition for the dolomite formation and dolomitic
diagenetic change. In the area of high salinity the the primary deposition is dolomite，or formed limestone the dolomitisation，
the limestone deposition is primary in the area of low salinity.

Analysis on Organic Facies of Hydrocarbon Source Rocks of the ForthMember of Shahejie Formation of Lower Eocene in Dongying Sag

Zheng Deshun;Zhou Lu;Cai Jingong;Ding Fei

2013, 35(2): 15-22.

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With many deep oil and gas reservoirs found around the world，the researches are beginning focusing on generation
and accumulation of the deep hydrocarbon resources in recent years. Organic facies can assist to make a better evaluation
of hydrocarbon potential of source rocks，and then guide oil and gas exploration. The organic facies of hydrocarbon source
rocks of the fourth member of Shahejie Formation of Lower Eocene（Es4）is divided into three types according to the data of
sedimentary characteristics，sedimentary environment，organic petrology，organic geochemistry and palynofacies，and by using
special element ratios，organic carbon content，vitrinite reflectance and palynofacies model. Three types from the bottom to the
top are weak reducing alluvial fan organic facies under salt beds，strong reducing salt lake organic facies within salt beds and
reducing deep-half deep lake organic facies upper salt beds. In the three types of organic facies，organic matters in hydrocarbon
source rocks upper salt beds are best，with good exploration prospects，and those within salt beds go second，those under salt
beds last.

Source-reservoir-cap Assemblages in Paleozoic of the Rub al KhaliBasin，Qatar

Fan Chunhua;Hu Xiaolin;Huang Xingwen;Bai Haiqiang;Yin Jun

2013, 35(2): 23-28.

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Clastic rock in Paleozoic is a new field for the petroleum exploration in the Rub al Khali Basin，Qatar. Based on
the regional geology study，the source-reservoir-cap assemblage in Paleozoic，especially the development characteristic of cap
rocks，is studied using petroleum geology and reservoir geology theory. The results show that the Palaeozoic group in the Rub
al Khali Basin is well-developed source-reservoir-cap assemblage. The Qusaiba hot shales in Silurian are the major source
rocks. The littoral sandstones of Jauf in Devonian and fluvial-deltaic sandstones of Unayzah in Permian are major reservoirs.
The Gypsum rocks and basal transgressive mudstones of Khuff are the regional cap rocks，with several sets of local cap rocks.
The seal abilities of cap rocks is one of the main risks for the Paleozoic petroleum exploration in this region. The distribution
of the regional cap rocks are stable on plane，which contains gypsum rocks. The seal ability is good as a whole，but local cap
rocks with minor dolomites and a few of siltstone are thin and impurity，which have an adverse effect on sealing abilities. The
cap risks should be taken in consideration in petroleum exploration.

Analysis of Reservoir Differences of Member 2 of the XujiaheFormation in Northeast Sichuan Basin

Zhang Chun;Jiang Yuqiang;Wang Li′en;Xu Houwei;Wang Meng

2013, 35(2): 29-36.

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With the deepening of the degree of exploration，and the expansion of the Sichuan Basin natural gas exploration
field，and to look for new exploration replacement area，Sichuan Basin exploration area extends from the basin to the basin
margin. In this context，successive new exploration results are obtained in the second section of the upper Triassic Xujiahe
Formation，but many problems gradually arose in the process of exploration and development，such as gas well productivity
differences，clastic components，thickness and property differences of reservoir between blocks. In response to these problems，
based on the core observation，core analysis data and log interpretation results，and starting from the analysis of deposition and
diagenesis，we make a comparative analysis with reservoir differences and its causes of Member 2 of the upper Triassic Xujiahe
Formation between Longgang and Yingshan Area. We think that far away distance from the source area and repeated washing
by high-energy water are the primary factors causing reservoir differences；strong compaction and multistage quartz overgrowth
are the key factors caused by the reservoir differences，and antigenic chlorite rim cementation and feldspar selective dissolution
are the ultimate factors causing the reservoir differences. The research results explain many of the problems encountered in the
exploration and development of gas reservoirs，and provide effective guidance for the next step of exploration and development
work.

Triassic Leikoupo Salt Distribution and Evolution in Sichuan Basin

Huang Dong;Yang Guang;Yang Tianquan;Wang Hua;Shi Xuewen

2013, 35(2): 37-42.

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Middle Triassic Leikoupo group is one of the earliest formations where nature gas and salt brine were exploited
in Sichuan Basin. The large number of drilling data from Leikoupo indicate that the period of the Leikoupo salt is T2l2
3 and T2l2 4，respectively. Eastern and southern basin due to the effect of palaeohigh，the ancient salt rock strata have been eroded and
hard to conserve，today，the salt formation mainly exist in the Kaijiang palaeohigh and Luzhou west palaeohigh，as well as
Tianjing mountain. Indo-Chinese movement plays an important role in the horizontal migration of salt rock of Leikoupo group.
According to statistical data of rock salt in different periods，two salt basins in the plane display a feature of westward migration
and superimposition. An examlpe of such feature is Well Gongshan 1 on the two phases of rock salt in middle Sichuan Basin.

Hydrocarbon Heterogeneous Distribution and Main Controlling Factors ofComplex Fault-block Oilfield

Tan Lijuan;Liu Jun;

2013, 35(2): 43-53.

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The hydrocarbon heterogeneous distribution is the universal law in oil and gas bearing basin，especially in complex
fault-block oilfield. The crude oil properties and the enrichment of oil and gas accumulation of different fault-blocks or different
layers vary greatly in the same complex fault-block zone. Due to the difference of heterogeneity and diagenesis of reservoir
in the same fault-block，hydrocarbon is also distributed heterogeneously. The types of oil reservoirs in complex fault-block
oilfields are complex and changeable，and often related with fault. The diversity of configuration of fault and sand body and the
properties of the fault are the key factors leading to hydrocarbon heterogeneous distribution. The scale of fault，fault occurrence，
mechanical properties and the combination style of the fault in the plane or in profile etc，also have an important influence on
oil and gas enrichment. Therefore，the concept of“blocks control petroleum enriched areas”will favorably contribute to oil
and gas exploration.

Methods to Determine the Lower Limits and Controlling Factors of theEffective Reservoir of Tight Sand Gas Reservoirs

Li Jing;Luo Bin;Zhang Xuyang;Hou Wenfeng;Yue Xiaojun

2013, 35(2): 54-62.

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The tight sand reservoirs of the east of Sulige Area in Changqing Oilfield is typical of relatively lower porosity and
much lower permeability in gas reservoirs area. Research of lower limit of reservoir set is the base for distinguishing effective
reservoirs from non-effective ones. We have researched the lower limit of reservoir by several methods. The lower limits of
effective porosity and permeability for reservoirs are determined by productivity simulation technique. On the basis of the
research，the controlling factors of effective reservoirs are discussed. Our research indicates that the low limit of porosity and
permeability is 4.0%5.0% and 0.0750.100 mD，respectively. And the lower limit of gas saturation is 45%. The property of
reservoirs in east Sulige Gas Field is mainly controlled by lithology and sedimentary microfacies. The mechanical compaction is
the key factor which caused the porosity decreasing. Quality of sandstone reservoirs is controlled by the efficiency of corrosion
and alteration. Thickness of sandstone has less influence on the reservoir effectiveness.

Research on Development Regularity of Structural Fractures inSand-mud Interbed of A Gas Field，Kuqa Depression

Wang ke;Dai Junsheng;Jia Kaifu;Fu Xiaolong;Zhang Yi

2013, 35(2): 63-70.

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Based on the generation mechanism of structural fractures，the development regularities of structural fractures in
sand-mud interbed of A Gas Field，Kuqa Depression are discussed in the paper，and the influencing factors are analyzed，and
the development model of structural fractures in sand-mud interbed is established. The analysis reveals that，influenced by the
fragility of sandstone and plasticity of mudstone，structural fractures in sand-mud interbed generate in sandstone layers first
and expand into mudstone layers to gradually form the fracture network. Fragile stones are easier to produce a great quantity of
fractures than plastic ones，thus the density of fractures in sandstone layers of sand-mud interbed is greater than that in mudstone
layers. Due to the difference of internal friction angle between sandstone and mudstone，the average dip angle of fractures in
sandstone layers is greater than that in mudstone layers. The smaller the thickness of single sandstone layer or mudstone layer is.
The better the development of fractures is the Strata with strong anisotropy always produce more fractures than homogeneous
ones. However，as the result of the anisotropy，one group of conjugated shear fractures would be restrained and another group
would be taken as the principal. The research result also demonstrates that，in the sand-mud interbed of A Gas Field，Kuqa
Depression，the thickness of each mudstone layer is less than 4.0 m，the limit value for fractures to penetrate mudstone layers.
Therefore，the fractures could penetrate mudstone layers and connect the upper and lower sandstone to form massive continued
hydrocarbon pore volume. Finally，the development model of fractures in sand-mud interbed is established according to the
above theoretical analysis.

Accuracy Evaluation on 3D Digital Cores Reconstruction byProcess-based Method

Yan Guoliang;Sun Jianmeng;Liu Xuefeng;Zhang Li

2013, 35(2): 71-76.

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It is too expensive and time consuming by use X-ray computerized tomography（CT）to obtain the real 3D digital
cores for representing the true microstructures of rocks. It is important in both theory and applications to reconstruct 3D
digital cores based on 2D thin section of rocks and evaluate the accuracy of reconstructed digital cores. 3D digital core was
reconstructed utilizing petrographical information obtained from two dimensional thin sections to model the results of the main
sedimentary rocks forming processes-sedimentation，compaction，and diagenesis. The accuracy of this method is evaluated
by calculating local porosity distribution function and average percolation probability function in real 3D digital cores and the
reconstructed digital cores. The results show that the homogeneity and connectivity of reconstructed three-dimension digital
core by process-based method are similar to those of true 3D digital core and both of the reconstructed 3D digital core and true
3D digital core are isotropic. Reconstruction of 3D digital cores can be used to characterize the pore structure of the true core，
and can also be used as the basis for simulation of other physical properties.

P-wave Velocity-density Relation of Limestone in Amu DaryaRight Bank Block，Turkmenistan

Xiong Xiaojun;Wang Fei;He Zhenhua

2013, 35(2): 77-82.

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Based on petrophysical parameters of 31 water saturated limestone samples from the right bank of Amu Darya，
Turkmenistan，the Castagna polynomial and exponential relation of P-wave velocity and density was evaluated. According
to the result，the predictive densities by Castagna exponential relation are bigger than real values with major prediction error.
However，the Castagna polynomial relation can better reflect the character of P-wave velocity and density；besides，its fitting
accuracy increases gradually along with the increase of the confining pressure. The result is of great benefit to reservoir
prediction research，and has important theoretical and practical value.

Identification and Distribution Investigation of Seismic Reflection AnomalyBodies in Xidingjia Area

Chen Cen;Hu Wangshui;Yan Zhenhua;Hou Huimin

2013, 35(2): 83-89.

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The lower cretaceous strata of Xidingjia Area，Songliao Basin is dominated by deep-water deposits. Through the
correlation and interpretation of seismic profiles in the researched area，we found that there are many kinds and amounts of
seismic anomaly bodies in different layer series，such as Sha 1 Member and Ying 3 Member. The majority of these anomaly
bodies are formed by turbidity current deposit and biogenic deposit，and they display external reflection characteristics of
banding，downward cut and lenticular. Based on the study of feature classification of seismic anomaly bodies，we found that
there are close correlations between seismic anomaly bodies and lithological subtle reservoir in this area and most of them have
not been drilled. Therefore，it means good oil and gas prospects. Identification and distribution research with seismic trace and
interpretation of anomaly bodies，can provide new ideas for further exploration and development of lithological subtle reservoir
in Xidingjia Area.

Analysis of Shale Gas Fracture Stimulation Mechanism andOperating Techniques

Li Yongming;Peng Yu;Wang Zhongze

2013, 35(2): 90-95.

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Energy is the main factor restricted the economic development of our country，but our convention oil and gas
resource has already gone into the stage of decreasing production. Therefore，developing shale gas is an important way to
solve the problem. Fracture operating is related to the productivity，recovery and economic effectiveness，so it′s the key to the
development of shale gas. This paper introduces the stimulation mechanism and operating techniques of shale gas，and gives
some suggestions of shale gas development of our country. First，we analyze the geology of gas shale and suggest strengthening
the evaluation of brittleness and natural fracture；and then，we expound the stimulation theory of stimulated reservoir volume
and analyze the influencing factors of shale gas production. In the end，we analyze all kinds of operating techniques which
could be used in shale gas development，giving some new perspectives and suggestions of research direction.

Study on Diversion Acid Technology in Tight Carbonatite Gas Reservoir

Li Kezhi;Xu Bingwei;Qin Yuying;He Qing

2013, 35(2): 97-101.

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This paper analyzed carbonates reservoirs’ geology in Daniudi gas field，proposed diversion acid technology based
on the reservoir transformation status and difficulties. The diversion acid mechanism were analyzed from both theoretical and
experiments perspectives. Diversion acid system’s performances were studied by experiments on rheological properties，acidrock
reaction kinetics，diversion and broken plastic performance. At last，the application of diversion acid technology in A well
is a breakthrough of exploration and development in Daniudi Gas Field.

Influence of Reservoir Mineralogical Composition on AcidFracture Conductivity

Li Qin;Yi Xiangyi;Lu Yuan;Song Yi

2013, 35(2): 102-108.

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The formation rock mineral composition is one of the factors affecting the effect of acid fracturing. This research
indicates that the content and distribution of easy dissolution in mineral composition of the reservoir rock determines the value
of conductivity in etching fracture，and the more content of easy dissolution there is，the faster the speed of dissolution is.
In this paper，the conductivity of etching fracture have been tested with different dissolution rates of limestone and dolomite.
The effect of conductivity of etching fracture with content of easy dissolution and dissolution rate has been researched. Some
guidance advice to design proposal of acid fracturing treatment is presented. The results show that the fracture conductivity
between the corrosion rate and the acid etching is the parabolic relationship. When easy dissolution accounts for 30% to 40%，
the conductivity of etching fracture stays good.

Technology and Application of Multi-stage Acid Fracturing byWater-swelling Packer

Zhang bo;Xue Chengjin;Zhou Linbo;Zhang Ye;

2013, 35(2): 109-114.

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The ordovician carbonate reservoir of one oilfield in the northwest of China，is mainly fracture cavern，with the
reservoir features of ultra-deep，high pressure and high temperature；the effect of horizontal conventional acid fracturing is
very limited，and there are still difficulties in the selection of multi-stage stimulation methods and tools. This paper introduces
the technical principle，key technical aspects，operation program and tool performance of multi-stage acid fracturing by waterswelling
packers. Based on actual drilling/mud logging/logging data and the optimized stages of multi-stage acid fracturing，
and in combination with the characteristics of reservoir fractures and solution caves，as well as the requirements of completion
tools on borehole diameter and trajectory，We determine the completion program of multi-stage acid fracturing，optimize the
RIH and inflation setting time of packers，and improve the multi-stage acid fracturing design and complete field test，under the
principle of effective stimulation and favorable reservoirs. The field test results show that the completion program of multi-stage
acid fracturing and optimized acid fracturing design are both correct，but the quality of tools like ball injection sliding sleeve
and the quality control in acid fracturing completion still need to be improved.

Novel Well Pattern for Fractured Horizontal Well in Ultra-lowPermeability Reservoir

Zeng Baoquan;Cheng Linsong;Qi Mei;Li Chunlan

2013, 35(2): 115-120.

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A novel well pattern was presented for fractured horizontal wells in ultra-low permeability reservoir，considering
geomorphological features and permeability anisotropy of Changqing Oilfield. The feasibility of novel well pattern was demonstrated
on drilling and development. The cluster well technology can guarantee the successful drilling and completionon of the
fractured horizontal wells. Development of novel well pattern in the interlacing well pattern，rectangular pattern and rhombic
inverted nine-spot pattern was evaluated by reservoir numerical simulation about average well production，oil recovery，water
cut and sweep area. The results show that novel well pattern and conventional well pattern has the same development effectency
in the interlacing well pattern；the novel well pattern in the other two patterns can effectively reduce the water cut in the sweep
area of 30 years and the degree of reserve recovery enhance 6.00% and 10.00%，recovery 0.96% and 1.6%. respectively，and
the final recovery 1.05% and 1.50%（when water cut =95%）.

Influence Factor Analysis and Field Application of Deep Profile-controllingBased on the Streamline Model

Fan Zhaoqi;Cheng Linsong;Li Xiaorong;Jia Yuqin;Dai Fu

2013, 35(2): 121-126.

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The streamline model has been used to make oil field development program，to evaluate the effectiveness of adjustment
and to forecast the indices of production as a burgeoning tool. We analyze the changing regularity of streamline before
and after in-depth profile control agent injection，reveal the corresponding seepage field changing mode by building the deep
profile-controlling streamline model. Based on the streamline model，the influence of position，timing，stemming ratio and
the injection concentration on the effect of profile-controlling have been analyzed，and then the key indices of deep profilecontrolling
pilot site are proposed. The conclusive influence factors of the effectiveness of the test have been found from two
well groups in WLW pilot site，which can be definitely used as reference for the application of deep profile control agent in
similar oil fields.

Physical Simulation Research of Water Breakthrough and Well Water CutPerformance in Fractured-vuggy Carbonate Reservoirs

Li Longxin;Wu Feng;Zhang Liehui;Li Yun

2013, 35(2): 127-134.

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Based on the characteristics of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield as well as dynamic and static
data from pilot production，visualized models of different combination of fractured and vuggy were built up through similar
theory and forward modeling in this study. Comparison and verification of the reservoir space type of corresponding water cut
law were done by physical simulation experiment. The result reveals the physical nature of water cut performance，and provides
the experimental and theoretical basis for the efficient development of reservoir. The experiment simulation proves that there
are five basic types of water cut performance in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs. Each type is related to the specific
reservoir geological characteristics，combination relations of vuggy and fracture，water energy and connection between aquifer
and deposit. Compared to sandstone reservoirs，carbonate reservoirs have more complicated characteristics in water influx.
The influx always happened in fractures and in the cave inside，and the oil-water interface levels up in horizontal position. The
coupling of conduit flow and permeation is the direction of research in the future.

Experimental Research on Natural Gas Flooding in Abnormal HighPressure Reservoir in Wenliu Block

Yu Chuanmou;Chen Yiyang

2013, 35(2): 135-140.

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The physical property of Wen 88 Block is low porosity and low permeability with the average porosity at 13.9%，and
the average permeability at 7.4 mD，and its initial formation pressure and temperature is 64.98 MPa and 145 ℃，respectively，
and the pressure coefficient is 1.7∼1.8，so it belongs to abnormal high temperature and high pressure reservoir whose depleted
recovery efficiency is quite low and water injection response is also poor. In order to study the feasibility of reservoir gas
injection，we have carried out gas expansion experiments and long core tests which proved that gas injection can improve the
physical property of crude oil and got displacement efficiency for different gas injection plan. The results of these experiments
show that gas injection can significantly improve physical property of crude oil and have apparent effects on lowering viscosity
and expanding of crude oil. Moreover，the sweep efficiency under the original formation conditions is much better than that
under the present formation conditions. However，the latter can also boost sweep efficiency to a certain extent.

Analysis of Productivity Equation and Influence Factors ofHorizontal Wells in Tight Sand Gas Reservoir

Qiu Xianqiang;Li Zhiping;Liu Yinshan;Lai Fengpeng

2013, 35(2): 141-145.

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The traditional flow laws are inapplicable to the tight sand gas reservoirs because of the reservoirs’ rather low
porosity，low permeability and the high effective stresses. On account of the tight gas flow features and flow fields around the
horizontal wells，the horizontal well flow zone is divided into two areas：the near-wellbore area，which is non-Darcy flow，
and the far-away area from the wellbore，which is Darcy Flow. Based on the study of this division，start-up pressure gradient，
slippage effect and stress sensitivity，the productivity equation of horizontal wells in tight sand gas reservoirs was derived. A
case study is presented with the detailed studies on the three factors which impact the tight gas reservoir. With the equation
and the case study analysis，the results indicate that：（1）productivity of horizontal wells in tight sand gas reservoirs decreases
with start-up pressure gradient and stress sensitivity at a linear and an exponential relationship，respectively，but increases with
slippage effect at a near-linear relationship；（2）the stress sensitivity has a stronger impact on the productivity compared with
the start-up pressure gradient，and the influence of slippage effect is relatively small.

A Utility Mode Surface Cross-linked Acid System to Improve the BeachBar Sand Low-permeability Development Effects

Wen Changyun;Wang Lei;Ma Shou;Huang Bo

2013, 35(2): 146-151.

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Aiming at beach-bar reservoirs with low permeability，large-scale reserves，poor properties，severe heterogeneity，
large differences between layers，a new ground crosslinked acid system is developed. By indoor crosslinking and gel breaking
test，a low cost of thickening agent and crosslinking agent are screened out which can crosslink under strong acidic conditions，
and are used to form the crosslinked acid. Through gel formed and broken tests under room temperature，the best crosslinked
ratio and polymer viscosity are determined indoor. Then，additives are used to form the cross linked acid system. Through
such tests as gel formed and broken，corrosion，cleanup，temperature，some advantages of the new system are shown with high
viscosity，low filtration，low acid-rock reaction speed，and greater transformation radius，which is applied on well Bin-10X1，
and has achieved good stimulation effectis.

Characteristics and Preparation of Degradable PolyesteramideNano Polymer

He yi;Xu Zhonghao;Yu Hui;Yang Zhiwei;Luo Guangwen

2013, 35(2): 152-157.

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Polyesteramides have good mechanical properties and degradability，so using inorganic nanometer materials can
improve the mechanical properties of the polymer. In this paper，PEA/MWNTs were synthesized in-situ using the reinforcement
of nano-composite. We observed the dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in polyesteramides，and tested the nanocomposite
thermal，mechanical，water absorption and degradation properties of the material. The results show that multi-walled
carbon nanotubes in polyesteramides can be uniformly dispersed，and that the tensile strength and elongation at break increase
and its degradation remains at the same level.

Research on Emulsification of Modification Paraffin Wax

Fu Xue;Zhu Lin;Zhu Liqing

2013, 35(2): 158-163.

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The 58# fully refined paraffin wax was oxidized without catalyst，When reaction temperature is 130℃，oxidized time
is 2 h，and the physical properties of reaction product are similar to the natural bee-wax. In the experiment of oxidized paraffin
wax emulsion，the affecting parameters of emulsion particle size，such as variety and dosage of the emulsifier，emulsifying
temperature，emulsifying time，stirring speed were investigated. Experimental results demonstrate the optimal parameter for
paraffin emulsification，the best emulsified wax was obtained when emulsifying temperature is 90 ℃，and emulsifying time is
40 min，stirring speed 1 000 r/min，and the stearic acid and triethanolamine as compound emulsifier.

Setting Process Simulation on Bridge Plug Research

He Zuqing;Ding Shidong;Lian Zhanghua;Peng Hanxiu;Lin Tiejun

2013, 35(2): 164-169.

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The bridge plug is the key equipment of downhole sealing layer technology，which is widely used because of the
advantages of less construction process，short period，and accurate sealing position. The setting process of A-type drillable nonmetallic
bridge plug was simulated which involvs the general contact of elastic-plastic material，the nonlinear dynamics of the
super-elastic material contact and non-metallic materials，dynamic fracture. With the finite element method，we establish the
generalized contact relationship between the full-size model of the bridge plug and all the parts. The finite element simulation
result includes dynamic movement and deformation characteristics of various components of the bridge plug，bridge plug and
the casing between the sealing characteristics and dynamic setting closure force data. The setting axial displacement of the
bridge plug was 110 mm and setting force near 45 kN. The result was also a theoretical basis for further optimization of the
structure and assessment of the bridge plug and setting performance for application in oilfield.

Research on Structure Angle Design of Offshore Discharge Floating Hose

Xu Yejun

2013, 35(2): 170-173.

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The offshore discharge floating hose，the only oil transferring channel of FPSO，is a composite of rubber hose，and
has a complex structure and material diversity. However，there lacks of relevant design specifications and standards，and the
theory system is still not intact. The model of the offshore offloading floating hose for the typical structure was established
with the finite element analysis software；the sensibility of the cord winding angle on the tensile and bending properties was
analysed. And the effect of the structure angle to the tensile and bending on different conditions was obtained. Finally，we
verified the actual floating hose with experiment，and compared it with international OCIMF standard. The results can guide
the future pipeline optimization design and provide a reference for the localization of the discharge floating hose.

The Analysis of Fatigue Life About Erosion Resistance DeviceBased on Workbench

Ai Zhijiu;Li Jie;Liu Huixin;Peng Xu;Hu Kun

2013, 35(2): 174-178.

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In well control operation，the high speed and high pressure fluid impacts erosion resistance device，generates pulsating
cycle impacting load and easily leads to the impacting fatigue. According to fatigue life theory，we make calculations
and find out the point where the erosion resistance device meets fatigue strength requirements. Afterwards，according to the
S 􀀀 N curve of the material，we carry out the fluid-solid interaction analysis and get the load spectrum acting on the erosion
resistance device based on ANSYS Workbench platform of multi-physical interaction analysis. Fatigue analysis software Ncode
DsignLife is used to accomplish the numerical simulation of fatigue life of the erosion resistance device，and the fatigue safety
coefficient is presented as fatigue strength failure evaluation standard in the paper. We also find out that the safety factor about
the key region of the erosion resistance device is greater than 1，the requirements about fatigue strength design are met，and the
cloud chart of safety factor and stress distribution are in the same position，which means that the numerical simulation results
have some guide significances.

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