雾霾对呼吸系统的损伤机制及防护研究进展

doi:10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 04. 010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来，全球工业化和城市化进程加速，雾霾已成为日益严峻的全球性环境问题，对人类健康构成重大威胁。雾霾
由细颗粒物（PM2.5）、氮氧化物（NOX）、二氧化硫（SO2）和挥发性有机物（VOCs）等多种有害物质组成。这些有害物质不仅造成
环境污染，更严重危害人类健康。呼吸系统作为人体与空气直接接触的系统，其健康状态极易受到雾霾的侵害。呼吸道炎
症频发、肺功能持续下降以及慢性呼吸道疾病风险显著增加，均为雾霾对呼吸系统造成的直接危害。本研究系统分析了雾
霾中的有害物质PM2.5、NOX、SO2及VOCs对呼吸系统的影响及作用机制，并在此基础上提出针对性的防护措施，以期为公众
健康保障提供科学依据。

关键词: 雾霾, 细颗粒物, 氮氧化物, 二氧化硫, 挥发性有机物, 呼吸系统, 防护措施

Abstract: In recent years, with the acceleration of global industrialization and urbanization, haze has become an increasingly serious
global environmental issue, posing a major threat to human health. Haze is composed of various harmful substances such as particulate
matter (PM2.5), nitrogen oxides (NOX), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These harmful substances not only
cause environmental pollution, but also seriously endanger human health. The respiratory system, as the part of the human body that
comes into direct contact with air, is highly vulnerable to the damage caused by haze. Frequent respiratory tract inflammation, continu⁃
ous decline in lung function, and a significant increase in the risk of chronic respiratory diseases are all direct manifestations of the
harm of haze to the respiratory system. This study systematically analyzes the impacts and mechanisms of harmful substances in haze,
including PM2.5, NOX, SO2 and VOCs, on the respiratory system and proposes targeted protective measures, with the aim of providing a
scientific basis for public health protection.

Key words: haze, particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic compounds, respiratory system, protective mea?
sures

中图分类号:

R122

李　武. 雾霾对呼吸系统的损伤机制及防护研究进展[J]. 大理大学学报, 2026, 11(4): 68-75.

Li Wu. Research Progress on the Mechanisms of Haze-Induced Respiratory System Injury and Prevention[J]. Journal of Dali University, 2026, 11(4): 68-75.

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