关键词: 土地利用, 景观格局, 矛盾冲突, 苍山洱海国家级自然保护区

Abstract: Objective: To understand the land use structure and characteristics of Cangshan Erhai National Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province （hereinafter referred to as the "Reserve"）, master the landscape pattern of land use, and provide guidance for the integration, optimization and protection management of the Reserve. Methods: Based on relevant survey data and GIS technology, the current land use status, landscape pattern, and conflicts in the Reserve were analyzed. Results: The Cangshan area is mainly composed
of forests and grasslands （accounting for 96.43% of the total area）, while the Erhai area is mainly composed of water bodies
（accounting for 98.02% of the total area）. The landscape shapes of forest land, water bodies, and grasslands in the study area are relatively regular, with low fragmentation and less human interference. The landscape diversity of the Reserve is relatively rich, but the distribution is uneven. The area of various contradictions and conflicts in the Reserve accounts for 2.44% of the total area of the Reserve. The contradictions and conflicts plots are mainly distributed in buffer zones and experimental zones, with cultivated land and collective artificial commercial forests as the main types. Mining land, urban construction, and villages have the greatest impact on the Reserve. Conclusion: The land structure of the Reserve is relatively reasonable, and the management of the Cangshan area should focus on forest fire prevention, biodiversity protection, and geological relic protection. The Erhai area should focus on wetland protection, especially the maintenance and improvement of water quality, as well as the protection of aquatic animals and plants.

Key words: land use, landscape pattern, contradictions and conflicts, Cangshan Erhai National Nature Reserve