大理大学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (7): 77-85.DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2025. 07. 012

• 政治学-社会学 • 上一篇    下一篇

“一户一宅”制度运行偏差与调适机制
——基于大理市案例的观察与思考

  

  1. 1.大理大学经济与管理学院,云南大理 671003;
    2.华中师范大学经济与工商管理学院,
    武汉 430079
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-14 修回日期:2024-06-01 出版日期:2025-07-15 发布日期:2025-07-21
  • 通讯作者: 刘圣欢,教授,博士,E-mail:shenghuan04@126.com。
  • 作者简介:杨砚池,副教授,博士,主要从事农村土地制度研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金一般项目(22BMZ059)

Deviations and Adjustment Mechanisms in the Implementation of the "One Household, One Homestead"
Policy: Observations and Reflections from a Case Study of Dali City

  1. 1. School of Economics and Management, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China;
    2. School of Economics and Business Administration, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
  • Received:2024-05-14 Revised:2024-06-01 Online:2025-07-15 Published:2025-07-21

摘要:

“一户一宅”制度是我国农村宅基地制度体系中的核心制度安排,在坚持和发展集体所有制、促进农户安居乐业和合理
利用土地等方面发挥着重要作用。由于受到“户”与“宅”的概念和计量标准界定不清、宅基地分配随“户”的变化动态调整难、
村庄规划建设监管缺失等因素影响,“一户一宅”制度在实践中出现了运行偏差,主要体现在有户无宅、一户小宅、一宅多户等
保障不足的情形与有宅无户、一户大宅、一户多宅等保障过度的情形并存的结构性失衡问题,土地利用效率偏低。大理市通过
精准界定“户”与“宅”、实用性村庄规划引领、完善农户权益保障政策,探索超占、多占、闲置宅基地有偿使用和退出机制等实践
经验,为纠正“一户一宅”制度运行偏差,回归制度的实质宗旨,提供了有价值的政策优化和制度构建参考。

关键词:

Abstract:

 "One household, one homestead" is a core institutional arrangement in China's rural homestead system, playing a vital role
in upholding and developing collective ownership, ensuring farmers' peaceful living and productive work, and promoting rational land
use. However, the system has experienced operational deviations in practice due to ambiguous definitions of "household" and
"homestead" and unclear measurement standards, difficulties in dynamically adjusting homestead allocations with changes in
household compositions, and lack of supervision over village planning and construction. These deviations are mainly reflected in
structural imbalances in homestead rights protection, coexisting as insufficient protection cases
(such as households without
homesteads
, households with undersized homesteads
, or multiple households sharing one homestead
) and excessive protection cases
(such as homesteads occupied by non-registered households
, households with oversized homesteads exceeding legal area limits
, or
households owning multiple homesteads
, leading to low land use efficiency
. Through practical experiences such as precise definition
of "households" and "homesteads", guidance by practical village planning, improvement of policies to safeguard farmers' rights and
interests, and exploration of mechanisms for paid use and withdrawal of excessively occupied or idle homesteads, Dali City has
provided valuable references for optimizing policies and reconstructing institutions to correct operational deviations of the "one
household
, one homestead" policy and return it to its essential purpose.

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