大理大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (2): 57-62.DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 02. 010

• 临床医学 • 上一篇    下一篇

Xpert MTB/RIF技术在肺结核诊断及利福平耐药检测中的临床应用研究

曾 玲,符 敏,罗 楠,吴 玥   

  1. (浙江省人民医院毕节医院检验科,贵州毕节 551700)
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-04 修回日期:2025-09-17 出版日期:2026-02-15 发布日期:2026-03-18
  • 作者简介:曾玲,主任技师,主要从事临床微生物检验研究。
  • 基金资助:
    毕节市联合基金项目(毕科联合字sy(2022)6号)

Clinical Application of Xpert MTB/RIF in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Detection of#br# Rifampicin Resistance#br#

Zeng Ling, Fu Min, Luo Nan, Wu Yue   

  1. (Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People′s Hospital Bijie Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou 551700, China)
  • Received:2025-07-04 Revised:2025-09-17 Online:2026-02-15 Published:2026-03-18

摘要: 目的:探讨Xpert MTB/RIF技术在肺结核诊断及利福平耐药性检测中的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析302例疑似肺
结核患者的临床资料,分别采用抗酸染色涂片法、液体培养法和Xpert MTB/RIF检测,比较3种方法的诊断效能,并以比例法药
敏试验为金标准评估Xpert MTB/RIF检测利福平耐药的准确性。结果:150例确诊肺结核患者的标本中,抗酸染色法、液体培
养法和Xpert MTB/RIF检测的阳性率分别为7.3%(11/150)、54.7%(82/150)和98.0%(147/150)。Xpert MTB/RIF的阳性率显著
高于其他2种方法(P<0.001)。在150例确诊患者中,Xpert MTB/RIF与比例法药物敏感试验检测利福平耐药率分别为12.0%
(18/150)和12.7%(19/150),差异无统计学意义(P=0.836)。以比例法药物敏感试验为金标准,Xpert MTB/RIF检测利福平耐药
的敏感性为84.2%(16/19),特异性为98.5%(129/131),2种方法具有高度一致性(Kappa=0.846,95%CI: 0.732~0.960,P<0.001)。
结论:Xpert MTB/RIF技术能够快速、准确地检测结核分枝杆菌及其利福平耐药性,具有显著的临床应用价值,可作为肺结核诊
断和耐药性筛查的重要工具。

关键词: Xpert MTB/RIF, 结核分枝杆菌, 耐药, 利福平

Abstract: Objective: To explore the clinical value of Xpert MTB/RIF technology in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and the
detection of rifampicin resistance. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 302 patients with suspected
pulmonary tuberculosis. The specimens were tested using acid-fast staining smear, liquid culture, and Xpert MTB/RIF. The diagnostic
efficacy of the three methods was compared, and the accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF in detecting rifampicin resistance was evaluated
against proportional drug susceptibility testing (DST) as the gold standard. Results: Among the specimens of 150 confirmed pulmonary
tuberculosis patients, the positive rates were 7.3% (11/150) for acid-fast staining, 54.7% (82/150) for liquid culture, and 98.0% (147/
150) for Xpert MTB/RIF. The positive rate of Xpert MTB/RIF was significantly higher than those of the other two methods (P<0.001).
Among the 150 confirmed cases, the rifampicin resistance rates detected by Xpert MTB/RIF and proportional DST were 12.0% (18/
150) and 12.7% (19/150), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.836). Using proportional DST as the
gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF for detecting rifampicin resistance were 84.2% (16/19) and 98.5% (129/
131), respectively. The two methods showed high consistency (Kappa=0.846, 95%CI: 0.732-0.960, P<0.001). Conclusion: Xpert MTB/
RIF can rapidly and accurately detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its rifampicin resistance, demonstrating significant clinical appli⁃
cation value. It can serve as an important tool for the diagnosis and resistance screening of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Key words: Xpert MTB/RIF, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, drug resistance, rifampicin

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