哺乳动物细胞线粒体基因组的转录及调控机制研究进展

J4 ›› 2014, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (8): 26-30.

哺乳动物细胞线粒体基因组的转录及调控机制研究进展

大理学院基础医学院，云南大理 671000

收稿日期:2014-01-02 出版日期:2014-08-15 发布日期:2014-08-15
作者简介:熊伟，讲师，博士，主要从事细胞分子生物学研究.
基金资助:
大理学院博士科研启动基金资助项目（BSKY2012018）；
大理学院大学生科研基金资助项目（KYSX2013118）；
大理学院大学生创新创业训练项目（201408）

Research Advances in Transcription and Regulation Mechanism of Mammalian Mitochondrial Genome

Pre-clinical College, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China

Received:2014-01-02 Online:2014-08-15 Published:2014-08-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的:系统的归纳和总结近年来哺乳动物线粒体基因组转录及调控机制研究的进展，以期为哺乳动物和人类线粒体疾
病及相关医学领域的研究提供参考依据。方法: 从哺乳动物线粒体DNA（mtDNA）的结构和转录过程，转录基本元件和转录机制等方面，检索和整理近年来关于哺乳动物细胞线粒体基因组的转录及调控机制的文献并进行总结。结果: 线粒体是哺乳动物细胞中普遍存在的具有独立基因组的半自主性细胞器，其主要功能是通过氧化磷酸化为细胞提供ATP，同时对于物质代谢、细胞周期调控、细胞分化和凋亡、细胞信号传递等生理过程发挥着重要作用。近年来对线粒体基因组的转录及其调控机制的研究已取得了一些突破和成果。结论: 哺乳动物线粒体基因组的转录与调控机制的研究不仅有助于深入阐明和理解线粒体基因组的表达调控机制，而且也助于揭示临床线粒体病的发病机制。

关键词: 线粒体DNA, 转录调控, 线粒体转录因子, 线粒体RNA聚合酶

Abstract:

Objective: To summarize systematically recent research advances in transcription and regulation mechanism of
mammalian mitochondrial genome in order to provide reference for research on mammalian and human mitochondrial diseases and other related fields. Methods: Information retrieval and a summary of literature and research advances in mtDNA transcription and regulation mechanism were made from aspects of genome structure, transcription process, transcriptional elements and mechanism.Results: Mitochondria were semiautomous organelles which had independent genome found in mammalian cells. Their major function was providing ATP for cells by oxidative phosphorylation and they also played an important role in physiological processes such as
metabolism, the regulation of cell cycle, cell differentiation and apoptosis, and cell signaling. In recent years, the research on transcription and regulation mechanism of mitochondrial genome has made a breakthrough and progress. Conclusion: Research on transcription and regulation mechanism of mitochondrial genome is helpful not only in expounding and understanding its mechanism underlying the expression regulation but also in revealing pathogenesis of clinic mitochondrial diseases.

Key words: mitochondrial DNA, transcription and regulation, mitochondrial transcription factors, mitochondrial RNA polymerase

中图分类号:

R730.23

熊伟, 张海洋, 杨红娟, 杜亚曼. 哺乳动物细胞线粒体基因组的转录及调控机制研究进展[J]. J4, 2014, 13(8): 26-30.

XIONG Wei, ZHANG Hai-Yang, YANG Hong-Juan, DU Ya-Man. Research Advances in Transcription and Regulation Mechanism of Mammalian Mitochondrial Genome[J]. J4, 2014, 13(8): 26-30.

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