Abstract: In order to understand the physical differences of the pupils of Zhiguo（directly-entering socialism）ethnic groups in the
Nujiang River basin, the physiques of the pupils were studied though the investigation method,etc. The results showed that the heights of the pupils were in the order of Han> Lisu> Nu> Dulong; the body weights of the Zhiguo pupils were lower than those of the Han pupils, and the body weights of Nu and Dulong pupils were significant difference with Han pupils（P < 0.05）; the vital capacities of the Zhiguo pupils were mostly lower than those of the Han pupils; the overall performance of 50 m was Han< Lisu< Nu< Dulong; in the Sit and Reach, Zhiguo boys generally performed better than Han boys; in the 1-minute sit-ups, the boys performed in the ranks of Nu>Han> Lisu for 9-12-year-old boys; in the 1-minute jumping rope, Nu pupils performed better than Dulong pupils for 7-11-year-old boys, and the difference between Nu pupils and Dulong pupils in most age groups was statistically significant（P < 0.01）.

Key words: Nujiang River basin, Zhiguo ethnic groups, primary school students, physique