Abstract:  Anthropology has long maintained a tradition of focusing on marginalized groups. By examining Mr. Qiao Jian's research
on the baseline and marginalized society, we can glimpse the underlying logic of anthropological studies on marginality. Mr. Qiao's
work began with the study of the Yuehu（ a traditional household of performers）. He argued that Yuehu were part of the construction of
social structure and that anthropologists should adopt a baseline perspective. Subsequently, he continued to expand his research on
the baseline and marginalized society, examining both traditional forms and newly emerging ones shaped by societal changes. He
proposed the concepts of baseline stratum and baseline society as a new lens through which to understand social structure. Looking
back at the development of anthropology, whether studying the "other culture", "subculture", or "one's own culture", there has been a
consistent intentional focus on marginalized groups. Anthropological research on marginality has thus undergone both expansion and
theoretical return.

Key words:  , Qiao Jian, baseline and marginalized society, Yuehu, marginal groups