关键词: 生活垃圾分类, 治理目标, 负外部性, 损害担责原则, 计量收费体系

Abstract: The reform of compulsory domestic waste classification in China has not achieved the expected results, one of the reasons for which is the shortage of recycling funds due to the lack of an effective charging scheme for domestic waste classification and disposal. Based on the theoretical logic of Pigovian tax, the legal basis of “the polluter pays principle”, and the successful practice in some developed countries, the paper believes that it is necessary to build a diversified charging schemes for classified domestic wastes collection and disposal. In the design of a diversified domestic wastes charging schemes, we should formulate a transition scheme with volume-based charging rates as the mainstay and the quantitation-based charging rates as a supplement. After the policy environment is mature, a comprehensive diversified charging scheme can be implemented, including volume-based charging by bags, volume-based charging for oversized waste, volume-based differential charging, volume-based progressive charging, and volume-based charging by piece. Effective implementation of domestic waste charging depends on the systematic reform of China's long-standing waste recycling model, the use of measures with economic incentive and binding, in guiding the domestic waste discharge behaviors.

Key words: domestic wastes classifying, results of governing, “negative externalities”, “polluter pays principle”, diverse volume-based garbage rates