关键词: 二语习得, 对外汉语教学, 老挝语, 老挝语母语, 趋向补语, 习得顺序, 泛化, 动态系统

Abstract:

This paper redefines the acquisition criterion，and based on interlanguage corpus of Chinese，summarizes the acquisition
sequence of Chinese directional complements（DCS）by native Lao speakers. Then，based on the overgeneralization
theory，the author analyzes the types of errors and acquisition difficulties of DCS for native Lao speakers. A comparison between
the acquisition sequence of native Lao speakers with that of other non-native speakers reveals that native Lao speakers
acquire the“verb + location object + directional complement（original meaning）”structure earlier than other non-native speakers，
which shows the non-linear acquisition of directional complements. The paper analyzes the types of acquisition difficulties
of DCS for native Lao speakers which are as follows: 1. the overgeneralization of simple DCS instead of compound DCS，2.
“dao（到）”acting as directional complement，3. avoiding using“ba（把）”sentences，4. the acquisition of sentence pattern
“verb + location object + directional complement”，5. overgeneralization of similar complements，6. wrong order of object
and compound DCS. In addition，this paper illustrates how to carry out targeted teaching and improve teaching efficiency with
examples.

Key words: second language acquisition, the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, the Lao, native Lao speaker, directional
complements, acquisition sequence, overgeneralization, dynamic system