关键词: 西藏, 张荫棠, 西医入藏, 藏俗改良, 西医教育

Abstract:

The second war of invasion to Tibet launched by the United Kingdom exacerbated the crisis in Tibet，but objectively
accelerated the modernization of Tibet. After negotiation with the United Kingdom，Zhang Yintang began to deal with Tibetan
affairs and implemented a series of modernization reforms in Tibet. This paper investigates the administration advices by Zhang
Yintang，and explores the entry of western medicine into Tibet in the early days，views on infectious diseases and vaccination
held by officials assigned to Tibet in the Qing Dynasty and United Kingdom missionaries，the attempts to establish modern
medical system and institutions in Tibet，the attempts to reform Tibetan custom and the advocating of public health awareness.
The exploration reveals that modern Western concept about health brought changes to Tibetan society in its attitude to diseases，
especially in the attitude to infectious diseases and the prevention and treatment. Zhang Yintang also started to develop western
medical education in Tibet and train western medicine talents，establish modern medical institutions，thus contributing to the
development of public health in modern Tibet. This study has enriched the study of the modern history of Tibet from the
perspective of medical history.

Key words: Tibet, Zhang Yintang, entry of western medicine into Tibet, Tibetan custom reform, western medical education