Abstract: As a strategic force driving technological revolution and industrial transformation, the development of future industries fundamentally relies on an open, collaborative, and symbiotic innovation ecosystem. This innovation ecosystem exhibits characteristics such as coexisting strategic leadership and high uncertainty, open collaboration and symbiotic evolution, technological drive and ecological dependence. Its effective operation is supported by a diverse network of heterogeneous entities, strategic resource endowments, and institutional environments. Research indicates that system evolution follows a dynamic path from germination to maturity and to transformation, with each stage demonstrating significant differences in dominant drives, major structures, and governance needs. This necessitates shifting governance models from linear control to ecological adaptation. Establishing governance systems tailored to developmental stages, building multi-level collaborative platforms, and cultivating an innovation culture that encourages exploration are key pathways to shaping a resilient and dynamic future industry ecosystem and nurturing new growth drives.

Key words: future industry, emerging industries, innovation ecosystem, dynamic evolution, patient capital, new energy system