Abstract: Accelerating the construction of a new energy system is a crucial component of building an energy power and a fundamental material guarantee for the modern industrial system. The development of this system is not only a process of continuous improvement in energy productive forces but also a socialized construction of production relations. Subject interest relations constitute the core of production relations in this context, making it an important proposition to fully understand the formation and evolution of these relations and innovate coordination mechanisms. This paper systematically analyzes the generation logic, multi-dimensional manifestations, and phased evolution laws of subject interest relations. The internal tension in the interest relation structure stems from the impact of structural substitution on existing resource allocation, market patterns, and institutional arrangements, manifested mainly in market competition, technological route selection, and regional policy differences. The interest-oriented nature of the new energy system determines the important value and fundamental role of constructing an institutional environment that effectively stimulates and maintains cooperative behaviors among multiple subjects. Therefore, strengthening policy coordination to achieve overall planning and targeted support, deepening market integration to expand electricity trading and integrated energy services, and promoting technology sharing to facilitate industry-university-research collaboration and achievement transformation are essential. Policy continuity, market fairness, technological synergy, and institutionalized cooperation play a pivotal role in properly handling relations among stakeholders and realizing the "coordinated symbiosis" of the new energy system.

Key words: new energy system, a country strong in the energy sector, interest conflicts, coordination mechanisms, multi-subject cooperation, energy transition, policy coordination