Abstract: There long have been conflicts between oil companies and local residents and governments in areas rich in oil or natural gas.This paper makes a study of this phenomenon from the perspective of law，and concludes that the following factors caused the phenomenon：legal definitions of land property right and mining rights of oil and gas resources which are not widely accepted，imbalanced interest distribution defined by laws，unjust administrative law enforcement，and ineffective judicial enforcement.Counter-measures are also suggested to solve the conflicts for a more harmonious relationship between oil companies and local people.

Key words: land property, mining rights of oil and gas resources, conflicts between oil companies and local residents, Mineral Resources Law