Abstract: With the declining of our farmland and increasing of landless peasants，the livelihood of farmers in Chengdu Plain has been greatly affected and challenged. A large number of peasants are faced with the difficulty of changing their former simple traditional livelihood into livelihood diversity. How and what do they choose the means of livelihood diversity is closely connected with their household income and the stability of rural areas in Chengdu Plain. This paper，using foreign analysis method on farmers’ livelihoods capital，analyzes the reasons and motivations of this change in Chengdu Plain by empirical study and case interviews. It also studies the great effect that human capital has made during this process. According to the survey results and the actual situation in the survey area，we adjust the specific index. This paper analyzes famers’ livelihood capital status，the characteristics of livelihood diversity on Chengdu Plain，as well as the relationship between capital and livelihood diversity. The analysis results in the following conclusions:residents’ livelihood capital and the livelihood diversity levels are in moderate positive correlation；human capital and livelihood diversity levels are in high positive correlation.

Key words: Chengdu Plain, human capital, livelihood, livelihood diversity, livelihood capital