Abstract: The rogue proletariat, also known as the vagrant proletariat, is a compound concept initiated by Marx and Engels, which means the group who, due to exploitation and oppression, lose their occupation and land and make a living by improper means in class society. During the period of democratic revolution, the Communist Party of China deepened and developed the general cognition of Marxist classic writers that the rogue proletariat is both revolutionary and anti-revolutionary, formulated the strategy of striving for and transforming it, highlighted its revolutionary nature under the leadership of the proletariat, and successfully guided the rogue proletariat to become an important driving force of the Chinese revolution. Today, it is necessary to give a more objective and fair evaluation to the rogue proletariat, and a necessary response to the interrogation and attack against the group. The final solution to this problem depends on the development of society and the elimination of unequal and unfair social system.

Key words: period of democratic revolution, Communist Party of China, rogue proletariat, revolutionary nature, anti-revolutionary nature