深层碳酸盐岩气藏水侵封闭特征及再动用机理

doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2023.11.03.34

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 碳酸盐岩气藏普遍含水，开发过程中水侵易导致大量气体被封闭在储层。因此，从孔隙尺度刻画和认识水侵封闭气特征及再动用方法具有重要意义。基于真实碳酸盐岩储层的CT扫描图像，抽提了裂缝-孔隙型储层的孔缝特征，制作了刻蚀玻璃薄片并开展了气水两相流动实验，可视化呈现了水侵动态及封闭气特征，进一步结合格子玻尔兹曼方法，评价了孔隙结构特征、润湿性和压力梯度对水侵动态的影响，最后揭示了封闭气再动用机理。结果表明，碳酸盐岩储层越疏水，水侵后形成的封闭气体积越大，形成的封闭气类型包括盲端(角隅)封闭气、绕流封闭气、卡断封闭气、“H”型封闭气和缝网封闭气；在水侵压力梯度增加时(气井提产)，大量气体以网状封闭气的形态残留在储层中；实际水淹气藏“间歇开井”(间歇降压、增压)可以使得卡断封闭气和缝网封闭气重新动用。

关键词: 碳酸盐岩气藏, 刻蚀玻璃实验, 格子玻尔兹曼方法, 气水两相流, 孔隙尺度

Abstract: Carbonate gas reservoir is usually deposited along with aquifer. Water invasion during the development of these reservoirs results in larger amount of gas trapped within the reservoirs. Therefore, it has great theoretical and practical significance to characterize and understand the pore-scale gas entrapment characteristics and its recovery mechanisms during water invasion process. Based on the CT scanning images for real carbonate reservoir, the characteristics of fractures and pores in fracture-pore type reservoir were extracted. The corresponding etched-glass model was manufactured to conduct gas-water two-phase flow experiments. The invasion dynamics and gas entrapment characteristics were revealed. Furthermore, the effects of pore structure, wettability and pressure gradient on water invasion dynamics were evaluated based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). Finally, the mechanism of trapped gas recovery is revealed. The results show that more strongly hydrophobic carbonate reservoirs lead to a larger volume of trapped gas after water invasion. The types of trapped gas include dead-end/corner trapped gas, side-flow trapped gas, snap-off trapped gas, H-shaped trapped gas, and network-shaped trapped gas. When the invasion pressure gradient increases (well production increase), a large volume of gas will be trapped inside the formation in the form of network-shaped trapped gas. In flooded gas reservoirs, intermittent well production(intermittent depressurization and pressurization) can lead to the recovery of the snap-off trapped gas and network-shaped trapped gas.

Key words: carbonate gas reservoir, etched-glass model experiment, Lattice Boltzmann Method, gas-water two phase flow, pore scale

中图分类号:

TE312

张芮菡, 胡雨涵, 李滔, 路广, 张涛, 张烈辉. 深层碳酸盐岩气藏水侵封闭特征及再动用机理[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2025, 47(6): 129-140.

ZHANG Ruihan, HU Yuhan, LI Tao, LU Guang, ZHANG Tao, ZHANG Liehui. Gas Entrapment Characteristics and Its Recovery Mechanisms During Water Invasion Process for Deep Carbonate Gas Reservoirs[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition), 2025, 47(6): 129-140.

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