Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition)

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The Rapid Assay of Crude Oil

Lu Wanzhen Chu Xiaoli

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 1-5.

Abstract （561）

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Rapid assay of crude oil has played a more and more important role in the refineries. The demands and significance
of rapid assay of crude oil are introduced. The advantages and characteristics of mid-infrared and near infrared spectroscopy
methods for rapid assay of crude oil，and their accuracies are compared with that of standard method.

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Control Factor of Natural Gas Accumulation in Xujiahe Formation，Longnüsi Structure，Sichuan Basin

Yuan Haifeng;Ni Gensheng;Deng Xiaojiang

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 6-12.

Abstract （601）

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The natural gas reservoir in Xujiahe Formation of Longnüsi structure is a typical lithologic gas reservoir，with the low trap closure，the tight reservoir，and the complicated gas-water contact. The paper analyzes the source rocks，reservoir rocks，cap rocks and trap conditions of gas reservoir of Xujiahe Formation，and conculdes that the Xujiahe Formation is advantageous
play. The Apatite Fission Track and Easy%Ro Chemical Kinetics Simulatiom are both used to reconstruct the hydrocarbongeneration
history of source rock. Combined with the structural evolution，the charging process of Xujiahe Formation gas
reservoir was reproduced. The accumulation process is divided into three phases：early hydrocarbon charging at the end of
middle Jurassic，the dominant hydrocarbon charging period at the end of Cretaceous，and the final accumulation of gas pools
during Himalayan. The main controlling factors of gas accumulation in Xujiahe Formation are analyzed in the paper. Highquality
hydrocarbon source rock is the primary material，the ancient and present structural high are the available zones for
the hydrocarbon migration，the reservoir physical property and the trap closure control the gas-water distribution in the gas
reservoir，and the fractures developed locally is a key factor of gas accumulation and high productivity in the Xujiahe Formation.

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3-D Hierarchical Modeling of the Braided Channel Reservoirof Saertu Oilfield

Yin Yanshu;Zhang Changmin;Yin Taiju;Zhao Lei

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 13-18.

Abstract （432）

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The paper presents a new hierarchical modeling method for braided channel reservoir. According to the reservoir
hierarchy，the reservoir of braided channel and bar are first modeled，and then，the channel bed and discarded channel in the
braided channel，and the core bar and top bar in the bar，are modeled respectively. Finally，the mud interbed in the second order
reservoir is modeled. During the modeling，different order reservoir are constrained by each other，which revealed the sediment
rules. The braided channel reservoir model is established by this method in Saertu oilfield of Daqing. The result shows that the
shapes and distribution of different order reservoir are well reproduced. The model is highly precise and can be put into use in
reservoir development.

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Prediction Method of Narrow Channel Sand Bodyin Well-to-Seismic Integration

Yi Zhenlin

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 19-24.

Abstract （518）

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Seismic prediction technologies for narrow channel sand body are analyzed such as waveform clustering，coherence
cube，frequency division and attribute analysis in order to produce remaining oil of narrow channel sand body，taking Beierxi
area of Daqing oilfield as an example，on the basis of isochronous stratigraphic framework. It is found that different prediction
technologies have different results to narrow channel sand bodies. Waveform clustering can approximately determine direction
of narrow channel，but it can not distinguish narrow channel boundary obviously. Coherence cube is more superior than waveform
clustering in narrow channel boundary recognition. Frequency division can clearly show narrow channel boundary subtle
change. The relationship between the predicted sand body thickness and the actual sand body thickness is established through
the analysis of RMS attribute，and it is verified that prediction accuracy of sand body is different. The prediction accuracy
is high when sand body thickness is more than 2 m and the prediction accuracy can reach 60% on the condition that relative
prediction error is less than 35% when thickness of sand body is between 12 m. The prediction accuracy of attribute is not
reliable when thickness of sand body is less than 1 m. This prediction method has important significance in the production of
remaining oil of narrow channel sand body.

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Tectonic Units of the Qaidam Basin

Yang Chao;Chen Qinghua;Ren Laiyi;Zhang Hongchao;Shi Haijun

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 25-33.

Abstract （587）

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Studies on fectonic units are of It is great significance in clearing the character of tectonic，deepening of the geological
understanding，and guiding oil and gas exploration. Based on the study on the principle of division about tectonic features，
transportation of the depocenter，distribution of the oil and gas，lithology character and fluctuation of the bedrock and the
character of the abnormality in gravitation and magnetic field，We find out that the results show that the Qaidam Basin had
obvious geographical characteristics with the east and west units along the Gansen-Xiaochaidan which are distinctly different
in sedimentation and fectonic deformation. The tectonic deformation is more intense in the west unit than in the east. And the
Qaidam Basin can be divided into six units：the obduction zone in south of Qiliang mountains，the obduction zone in north of
Kunlun mountains，Oulongbuluke uplift zone，the Yiliping，Sanhu and Delingha Depression.

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Analysis of Carboniferous Favorable Place of Volcanic Rockin Luxi Area，Junggar Basin

Mu Zhonghai;Liu Deguang;Tang Yong

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 34-40.

Abstract （445）

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Based on the analysis of Carboniferous igneous lithological character and its lithofacies distribution，structural
evolutional process，fracture distribution law，known petroliferous and gas distribution area，relationship between lithological
character and oil-gas formation，physical properties of different lithological character and lithofacies，conditions of hydrocarbon
source. It is believed that in Carboniferous system where exist two sequences which are an upper sequence and a lower one at
Luxi area of Junggar Basin，and the superfaces of these sequences are regional unconformities. There are mainly four kinds
igneous lithofacies which are volcanic conduit facies，explosive rock facies，overflow facies，and volcanogenic sedimentation
facies，which distribute among different sequences. The embryonic form of Luliang uplift began at stage I of Mid-Hercynian
phase，and formed and strengthened at late-Hercynian phase. The best physical properties of lithofacies is the overflow facies，
the second one is explosive rock facies. The best physical properties of lithological character is basalt，the second one is volcanic
breccia. There are two favorable reservoir areas in Luxi，one locates at Xiayan 1 to Shinan 3 of the East Xiayan salient，and the
other one located at the West Xiayan salient and Sangequan salient. Hydrocarbon of Luxi came mainly from Mahu sag. This
paper presents that the oil and gas favorable places for prospecting mainly located at west areas of Xiayan salien and Sangequan
salient.

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Mode Characteristics of Volcanic Eruption of the Member 1 of YingchengFormation in Xudong Area in Songliao Basin

Chen Huanqing;Hu Yongle;Ran Qiquan;Yi Liping;Xu Lei

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 41-48.

Abstract （594）

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According to the structural environment and cycle characteristic of the volcanic eruption，original magma，volcanic
rock feature，and the types of the volcanic eruption，the mode characteristics of volcanic eruption of volcanic gas reservoir of the
Member 1 of Yingcheng Formation in Xudong Area in Xushen Gas Field are studied. The results indicate that the aimed stratum
in study areas was formed under an intraplate setting and the fractures cut-through the base plays a definitive role. The study
stratum fall into three gyrations of I and II and III from bottom to top. Gyre I correspond to YC1III and Gyre II corresponds
YC1II1 and YC1II2 and Gyre III corresponds YC1I1 and YC1I2. The stratum in study areas mainly developed fissure-center
eruption，the center eruption taking the secondary place. The conditions of oil source rock and accumulation and rock cap
are excellent. The volcanic eruption mode controlls development characteristics of different types of volcanic lithofacies. The
favorable areas mainly develop in the high-order bit of eruption facies near the volcanic crater and lower part and upper part
and top part sub-facies of overflow facies and volcanic neck sub-facies of volcanic channels facies.

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Adjusting and Controlling Effect of Chepaizi-Mosuowan Paleo-uplifton Paleo-reservoir and Hydrocarbon Accumulation

Wang Jinghong;Yang Fan

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 49-58.

Abstract （542）

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Secondary oil pools in middle-shallow layer of Junggar Basin center are controlled by location and scale of Paleoreservoir.
The paper reveal adjusting and controlling effect for second oil pool on Paleo-reservoir and hydrocarbon accumulation
due to formation and evolution of Chepaizi—Mosuowan Paleo-uplift. Starting with well logging，seismic，oil，gas and water data，
using GOI of fluid inclusions，oil-water interfaces of Paleo-reservoir are identified. Based on restoration of Paleo-structure，
areas of Paleo-reservoir are identified by types of anticline oil pools. Consulting parameters of proven Paleo-reservoir，the
scales of Paleo-reservoir were identified by distribution and thickness of sand bodies. Monocline was formed after tilting from
south to north in Junggar Basin. Paleo-reservoir was destroyed. Considering comprehensively factors of structure，fault，unconformity
and sandbodies，the directions and paths of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation and the developing areas of
secondary oil pools are identified. The main exploration objects should be middle-shallow layer of lithologic and stratigraphic
oil reservoir and exploration direction should be from the“bridge”to the slope zones，which changes the idea of looking for
litho-structural reservoir and thus guided the discovery of Mo 17.

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Dating the Effective Fractures of Qinglong Formation Limestone inSouthern Jiangsu Area

Duan Hongliang;Wang Hongwei

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 59-63.

Abstract （569）

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Based on the detailed observation and description of the macroscopic and microcosmic features，the development
periods of the fractures，and formation time of effective fractures are studied in this paper by cathodeluminescence and carbon
and oxygen isotope analyzing of fracture fillings. The results show that there are 6 stages of fracture development identified in
Qinglong Formation，southern Jiangsu area. The fractures of first stage are stylolites，which developed during the early period
of Qinglong Formation. The fractures of second stage developed during the early Indosinian-Yanshanian，which are filled by
calcites and with weak oil show. The third stage fractures developed during early Yizheng movement，which are half-filled by
calcite and with abundant oil show. The fourth stage fractures are stylolites，which developed during middle Yizheng movement.
The fifth stage fractures developed during the early period of Sanduo movement，which were filled by calcites. The sixth stage
fractures developed during Yancheng Period，which were unfilled. The third stage fractures are the most effective fractures with
rich oil show and cavities. The tectonic stress field of early Yizheng movement should be an important factor in the predicition
of effective fractures in Qinglong Formation.

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Measures to Promote Shale Gas Large-scale Development underLow-carbon Background in China

Yun Jian;Zhong Ningning;Wang Jialin;Zhang Yu;Wu Xiaobin

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 64-70.

Abstract （582）

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Large-scale development and utilization of natural gas is one of the most effective ways to promote the China´s low
carbon economy with increasingly stringent energy saving and carbon emission reduction target. Thus，unconventional gas，
represented by shale gas and coalbed methane，will be inevitably in a new round of fast development and utilization following
the trend of low-carbon development because of their advantages of larger reserves and lower carbon emissions. The paper
firstly analyzes the characteristics of shale gas reservoir，and the policy measures and technical development model to realize
the industrialization of American shale gas industry are summarized. Then，on the basis of the analysis of supporting policies，
theories related to exploration and development and key technologies，we believe that there are three major problems restricting
the shale gas industry development in China. Two strategies of creating a set of matching policy and accelerating technological
innovation are proposed to promote the shale gas industry development.

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Analogy Analysis of West Sichuan Depression and Northern AmericaSandstone Gas Rrservoirs

Chen Zhaoguo

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 71-76.

Abstract （550）

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Through the analogy analysis of Western Sichuan Depression and Northern America Sandstone Gas Reservoirs ，we
find that the both have similar characteristics and differences in foreland basin feature，rock tightening，abnormal pressure and
reservoir formation. Sandstone gas formation mechanism of Northern America Rocky Mountain region is simple but is complex
in Western Sichuan Depression. Under the background of multiple phases and tectonic activities，cored at the overpressure gas
source of Xujiahe Formation in upper Triassic，with the progress difference of lithology and densification in 3D space，the
change of deformation structure and fracture distribution，multiple-phase and multiple-mode adjustment of overpressure，the
distribution pattern of subsystem longitudinal overlay of many gas mineralization and multiple gas reservoir type thus formed.

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Application of Combination of Logging and Seismic Inversion in theDiabase Alteration Zone Recognition

Yao Jun;Li Shuangwen;Liu Huaqing;Ni Changkuan

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 77-82.

Abstract （585）

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Huanghua depression is in Bohai Bay basin，where tectonic activity is intene and frequent，and igneous rock developed
well in this area，especially diabase. The reservoir of diabase alteration zone which is generated by diabase baking
provides a direction to find new types of oil and gas reservoirs. This paper takes well logging data of drilling diabase alteration
zone in R district of Dagang Oilfield as examples，and summarizes the characteristics of log response and wave impedance，
then predicts the distribution and thickness of diabase alteration zone by combining the impedance inversion data volume with
multi-attribute inversion natural gamma data volume. As a result，diabase thickness is in good agreement with the wells statistics
and this provides an important reference for further exploration of diabase alteration zone reservoir in the region.

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Application of Curve Recomposition Inversion in LateralReservoir Prediction

Xiong Ran;Gao Liang;Yang Jiao;Zhao Jilong

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 83-89.

Abstract （426）

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Acoustic curves are the basic data essential for the wave-impedance inversion based on the logging restraint. But
the acoustic data obtained from practical work usually cannot well reflect the changing rules of subsurface lithology based on
the logging curve reconstructive method. The paper presents a multi-curve sonic reconstructive technique that can truly reflect
the character of reservoir. The method can both keep the time-depth relation of sonic curve and all frequency information
to be unchanged，and also fully use the characteristic information of reconstructive curve participated since the method uses
natural gamma，natural potential，compensated neutron and resistivity curves（after normalization correction）to participate in
reconstruction while keeping the property of sonic curve. The method achieved good results after carrying out wave impedance
inversion and prediction of reservoir in the case of D region，which showed that the method is simple，practical and effective
curve reconstructive technique.

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Preliminary Discussion of Improvement Experiments on StrongSensitivity–Low Permeability Reservoir

Cao Yingchang;Yuan Guanghui;Xi Kelai

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 90-96.

Abstract （552）

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In Beisantai area，Junggar Basin，73.11 percent of Cretaceous reservoir is low permeability reservoir. Clay minerals
in Cretaceous reservoir are mainly montmorillonite and disordered illite-montmorillonite. Kaolinite，chlorite and illite are at
lower levels overall，but local enrichment. Results of sensitivity experiments show that reservoir sensitivity of study area is
complex，a variety of sensitivity coexist and directly lead to low-yielding of oil reservoir. Water sensitivity is most strong.
Acid sensitivity experiments indicate that mud acid can’t improve reservoir quality and reduce reservoir water sensitivity effectively.
According to specific reservoir property of study area，composite plug removal liquid with prescription of 8%HCl，
2%CH3COOH，2%NH4F，1.5%clay stabilizer A，2%ferric iron stabilizer TLJ is confected. Plug removal experiments of water
sensitivity samples and permeability improvement experiments of natural core samples are conducted under conditions with
stimulated actual formation temperature and pressure. Results show that the composite plug removal liquid is valid in plug
removal and permeability improvement on reservoir with high montmorillonite and illite-montmorillonite relative content but
low chlorite relative content.

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Simulation of Gas Injection-Heating Process of In Situ Combustion

Pan Jingjun;Zhou Yangping;Chen Long;Ma Yuanle

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 97-102.

Abstract （600）

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It is necessary to optimize the parameters of gas injection heating during the gas injection-heating process in situ
combustion. A transient model is proposed to simulate the flow and the heat exchange of air in the well tube and oil reservoirs
including the mixing process of air and oil reservoirs，change of component and phase state such as evaporation of hot water
and condensation of cold wet air，the heat exchange among different oil reservoirs and rock. A solving method based on Rung-
Kutta and a simulation program is programmed. After the verification of simulating injection，this mathematical model and its
solving method are applied to the simulation and monitoring of gas injection heating process in situ combustion at actual oil
field. It was found that the extension of heating zone is slow (radius of heating zone is less than 0.6 m after a 5-day injection)
and greatly influenced by the moisture content of oil reservoir，and the temperature of it is almost constant and determined by
the power of electric heater and gas flow rate. The power of electric heater and gas flow rate should keep in a stable state during
the heating process.

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The Impact of Geological Environment on Wellhole Stability

Li Guangquan

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 103-107.

Abstract （591）

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Wellbore instability is an important constraint for improving the drilling speed of ultra-deep wells. Engineering
geological environment including high confine pressure，high temperature and high pore pressure is the key cause of borehole
instability. Borehole stability evaluation model is derived from stress condition，temperature perturbation and pore pressure
around well under the deep geological conditions. The effect of stress state，formation temperature and pore pressure
on borehole stability is quantitatively analyzed base on the model. The following conclusions have been drawn：（1）in-situ
stress has significant impact on borehole stability，and the increase of difference between three principal stresses will aggravate
wellbore instability.（2）The increase of temperature will increase the possibility of Shear failure，but weaken the tensile
instability.（3）High pore pressure will aggravate wellbore instability.

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Research on A New Method of Well Testing Analysisfor Formation Damage Evaluation

Huo Jin;Chen Lujian;Wang Bencheng;Sang Linxiang;Liu Haishang

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 108-114.

Abstract （419）

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A reasonable and precise formation damage evaluation is of great significance in guiding the development of oil and
gas reservoir. The conventional method for formation damage evaluation mainly depends on skin factor and the McKinley type
curves match，by which the permeability of the damaged zone can be calculated. However，because of the solution ambiguity
of the McKinley match，this method may result in great deviation，which further influences the accuracy of decomposition of
skin factor. A new model of modified McKinley well testing analysis method is established，and then its solution is got by
the Laplace transformation. Moreover，the new theoretical type curves（the modified McKinley type curves）are drawn up by
programming. Eventually a new analysis method of matching that can precisely calculate the permeability of damaged zone
is obtained. Hawkins formula is used to calculate true shin factor and the damaged radius，and on the basis of we evaluate
formation damage of well testing permeability of the damaged zone，true shin factor and the damaged radius. Finally the cases
of real oil wells are illustrated and the results accord with the fact，which can be references to formation improvements and
measures taking.

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Types of Edge-water Fault Block Reservoirs and Features of Residual Oilin the Gaoqiannan Area

Li Zhipeng;Lin Chengyan;Shi Quandang;Li Runze;Peng Xuehong

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 115-120.

Abstract （501）

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The residual oil of small complex fault block reservoirs is extremely complex in the late stage of development.
There are many factors controlling it. And the residual oil controlled by a single factor is dispersed and limited. Considering
the main controlling factors of the residual oil，the form of the fault block reservoirs，the adequacy of natural energy and energy
provider，we divide the edge-water fault block reservoirs into three categories. They are open-type edge-water fault block
reservoir，semi-closed edge-water fault block reservoir and closed edge-water fault block reservoir. Based on the studies on the
distribution features of the residual oil and the exploiting potential of each reservoir type we find that the open-type edge-water
fault block reservoir is of the highest degree of recovery percent and the residual oil is few and dispersed，that the closed edgewater
fault block reservoir is the lowest degree of recovery percent and the residual oil is much and contiguous，and that the
semi-closed edge-water fault block reservoir is between the above two. On the basis of the above study we propose the technical
countermeasures for farther development according to the characteristics of each reservoir type.

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Research of Reasonable Producing Pressure Drop of Gas CondensateReservoir on Different Period

Li Qian;Li Xiangfang;Li Yanjing;Peng Yi;Cui Ligong

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 121-126.

Abstract （580）

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During the development of gas condensate reservoir，the condensate would drop out with the fall of formation
pressure. It would affect the deliverability of gas wells. However，during the depletion of gas condensate reservoir，the dropout
of condensate is inevitable. We can only produce much more condensate by adjusting to reasonable working system. So，this
paper researches the character of filtrate and the effect of capillary number on the production of condensate. We propose that
there are two different periods of depletion of gas condensate reservoir and the determination of reasonable producing pressure
drop is different in the two periods. The research results show that increasing or varying producing pressure drop can increase
the deliverability of gas wells and the recovery of condensate for constant volume gas condensate reservoir. Finally，the above
viewpoint is confirmed by the production performance of an actual gas condensate well. This research is of for the efficient
development of gas condensate reservoir.

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Modeling and Fluid-solid Coupling Analysis of Stability of Junctions inMultilateral Wells

Wu Xinyuan;Lian Zhanghua;Lin Tiejun;Jiang Wen

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 127-133.

Abstract （562）

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In recent years multilateral well drilling technology has become one of the mainstream technologies of the field of
oil and gas exploration and development. But the technology also faces some new challenges，and borehole stability nearby the
junctions is one of the serious problems. This paper establishes a three-dimensional model using finite element. Calculation and
analysis of in-situ stress re-distribution caused by sidetrack drilling is made with consideration of the impact of initial pressure
and steady-state Darcy flow. The stress concentration and distribution of displacement nearby the junction after sidetrack drilling
are obtained through the finite element analysis of fluid-solid coupling calculation. According to Moore–Coulomb criterion，the
stability of the connection section of wall projections is presented with graphics with the help of finite element post-processing
program. The impact of the geometric parameters on borehole stability，such as borehole diameter，dip and azimuth is also
discussed. The results show that：the most stable junction，independently of the depth of its placement and borehole diameter，
is with the lateral wellbore axis oriented parallel to the maximum principal in-situ stress.

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Experimental Research for Gas Feild Water’s Scaling Rule Under theCondition of High Pressure and High Temperature

Li li;Liu Jianyi;Zhang Wei;Zhang Guangdong;Zhang Junliang

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 134-140.

Abstract （515）

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To solve the lack of equipment that can directly measure formation water’s ion content in the condition of high
temperature and high pressure at home and abroad. The static experiment for test ion content and scaling amount in formation
fluid under the condition of high temperature and high pressure was made. PVT analysis for the actual gas field’s fluid of
high temperature and high pressure and ion content detection experiments were carried on in this paper. Water content in
gas，amount of gas dissolved in water and the icon formation content in water are tested，scaling amount of formation fluid was
firmed. The change rule of gas and water’s phase state and ionic content have been studied comprehensively，the internal relation
influence was analyzed. The results show that quantity of dissolved gas in water reduces with formation pressure decreasing，
the evaporation water to natural gas formation intensifies，electrolyticion’s concentration and salinity increases，and the scaling
trends increase. In certain low pressure and high temperature conditions，the inorganic salt in formation fluid began scaling. The
scaling quantity increases with experiment pressure increasing，and decreases with the experimental temperature decreasing.
Scaling quantity of the under actual production condition is lower than that of the degassing formation water，and change trend
of scaling quantity with temperature and pressure is more obvious.

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Research on Real-time Sanding Monitoring System for Oil Well

Ren Minyan;Zhao Yizhong;Song Jinbo;Cui Aimei;Cui Jun

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 141-146.

Abstract （547）

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In recent years，wellhead real-time sanding monitoring developed abroad is a real-time monitoring tool for oil
well sand production with high precision. Based on SandQTM sanding monitoring system and optimizations of its matching
technology，a 3D sound wave conduction finite element program is developed with the help of FEPG system，and then wall
thickness of bent pipe is simulated and optimized in sonic testing which suggests that the thickness of pipe should be between
5 mm to 10 mm. Then a finite element model for analyzing the time when near wellbore percolation reach to stabilization
is developed. Wellhead testing program is also optimized. The research shows that，in the case of loose sandstone reservoir
with high permeability，the percolation near wellbore could reach to stabilization in 24 hours after the adjustment of oil well
production system. According to the well site practices，the frequency of production system adjustment for oil well should
be 1 time per 24 hours. The system has been tested，and the result shows that it has a great applicability for oil wells with
electric submersible pump Christmas tree and regular pumping unit. It also has a high applicability and high testing accuracy
for oil wells with low-viscosity product，but it has a low applicability for oil wells with high-viscosity product whose dynamic
viscosity is more than 1 824 mPas.

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Study of Areal Sweep Efficiency for Invert 9-Spot Pattern of LowPermeability Reservoir

Lü Dongliang;Tang Hai;Guo Fenzhuan;Cao Feng;Duan Chunlin

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 147-153.

Abstract （627）

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Based on the characteristics of water flooding exploitation in low-permeability reservoir and the stream tube model，
and by taking the start-up pressure gradient into consideration，we establish the areal sweep efficiency formula and water
breakthrough time formula. The formula help solve the theoretical problem of the calculation of areal sweep efficiency of lowspeed
non-Darcy seepage flow，which is different from Darcy seepage flow. The results show that the water breakthrough time
and areal sweep efficiency of invert 9-spot pattern in low-permeability reservoir are different in borderline well and corner well.
It is necessary to adopt a different working system to adjust to the uniformity degree of water flooding in borderline well and
corner well. This research provides theory basis for development and evaluation of low-permeability reservoir.

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Discussion on the Influence Factors of Cementing Circulating Temperature

Liu Yang;Ai Zhengqing;Li Zaoyuan;Guo Xiaoyang

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 154-158.

Abstract （543）

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The accurate prediction of circulating temperature is one of the important affecting factors of guaranteeing the
cementing operation safety and cementing quality. Especially for the deep well，the slurry is highly sensitive to temperature.
If the prediction difference of circulating temperature is negative 5 degrees lower，the pumpable time will sharply be reduced，
which will cause cementing trouble. If the prediction of circulating temperature is higher than actual temperature，the waiting
on cementing time will be prolonged，which will lead to abnormal retardation，that is to say the strength of the top of cement
column would not have developed until 10 days later，which delays the subsequent drilling operation. In order to guarantee
the cementing operation safety and cementing quality，a new two-dimension simulator has been proposed according to the
underground heat transfer construction process. The results show：Circulating drilling fluid several times and increasing the
pump rate will reduce circulating temperature，and the circulating maximal temperature in winter is lower than in summer，
especially for shallow well. So suitably reducing the design temperature in winter could not affect the pump safety. Temperature
coefficient in deep wells is higher than in shallow wells，and the circulating temperature is lower if the borehole size is bigger.

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Research on Patterns for Gum Formation of Gasoline Compositions

Ren Lianling;Xiong Chunhua;Wen Liang;Si Xianbao

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 159-164.

Abstract （454）

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Variance patterns and influencing factors of motor gasoline compositions’ existent gum are examined by means
of 43 ℃accelerated storage test method. The linear regression equation between the existent gum and the storage time are
established by the least square method. Correlation of the existent gum formation rate and chemical constitution are investigated
with the correlation analysis method. Results indicate that most compositions’ existent gum has a linear relationship with the
storage time，obvious correlation existing between existent gum formation rate“k ”and hydrocarbon composition，in which
the maximal acceleration of existent gum producing is incurred by cyclic and isomeric olefins，while the maximal inhibition by
paraffin hydrocarbons. Aromatic hydrocarbons’ effect on existent gum is not obvious. Existent gum is relevant to acidity and
colority.

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Modal Research of Fluid-solid Coupling for the BlenderTruck Mixing Impeller

Huang Tiancheng;Wang Deguo;Zhou Sizhu;Wu Hanchuan;Zhu Keqiang

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 165-171.

Abstract （503）

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In order to study the influence of the fluid force，centrifugal force and gravity on the blender truck mixing impeller，
the 3-D models is established. The static modal and prestressed modal are analyzed. The results show that the various loads
have a little impact on the natural frequencies of blender truck mixing impeller. The natural frequencies changes lightly in the
two conditions，with the largest change rate of only 0.61%. The maximum value of the second and third order vibration mode
decreases under the fluid-solid coupling，and the maximum value of other vibration modes show no significant increase.

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Research of Bit’s Performance Affected by the Cutting Angle of PDC

Zhang Shaohe;Xie Xiaohong;Wang Jialiang

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 171-175.

Abstract （538）

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To improve the PDC bit’s drilling performance，PDC is used to abrade rock in the lathe，and the effect of cutting
angle on PDC bit’s drilling performance is researched. Under the same stress，same rub distance，and five different group of
cutting angle，PDC abrasion volume are measured respectively. How the cutting angle affect the bit’s drilling performance is
analyzed with FEA（Finite Element Analysis）. The results indicate that，the smaller the cutting angle，the bigger the stress；
the bigger the abrasion volume，the larger the abrasion volume in the same node of the PDC，and the shorter the using life of
bit. That is to say，there is a best cutting angle for PDC bit.

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Bank Reef Reservoir Effectiveness Evaluationin Longgang District

Sima Liqiang;Wu Feng;Miao Xiangxi

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (1): 176-182.

Abstract （594）

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Permian Changxing reefs and Triassic Feixianguan oolitic beach in Longgang district is potential bank reef reservoir.
According to the reservoir characteristics，they are divided into four types：Fei3—Fei1 upper limestone porosity reservoir，
Fei3—Fei1 middle dolomite dissolved pore reservoir，Changxin limestone porosity reservoir，and Changxin dolomite cavern
or fracture-cavern reservoir. We comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of these reservoirs by means of thin slice，mercury
penetration，MDT，FMI，Stoneley wave and other methods. The study shows that the effectiveness of Changxin dolomite
cavern or fracture-cavern reservoir is the best，and second best is Fei3—Fei1 middle dolomite dissolved pore reservoir. The
effectiveness of Fei3—Fei1 upper limestone porosity reservoir and Changxin limestone porosity reservoir is poor，which is not
likely to have become industrial capacity.

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Lithofacies Palaeogeography of Maokou Period in SouthwesternSichuan Basin

Tian Jingchun;Guo Wei;Huang Pinghui;Lin Xiaobing

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (2): 1-8.

Abstract （429）

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Abstract：According to the data from field outcrops，drilling section and well logging，the lithologic characteristics and lithofacies
palaeogeography of Maokou Formation in southwest Sichuan Basin are analyzed. The results indicated that Maokou
Formation developed beach and open sea microfacies in southwest Sichuan basin and can be divided into three sedimentary
cycles，which represent the three sea-level fluctuations in Maokou period. The second sedimentary cycle，the phase that sea
level decline，becomes the most important period when shallow beach developed widely with the litholgy of sparite bioclastic
limestone and partial dolomite. Transformed by the later Dongwu movement，shallow beach can be favorable reservoir.

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Research of Jurassic Tectonic Characteristic in Hongqikan Region inPiedmont of Northern Turpan–Hami Basin

Wu Yong;Zhou Lu;Ji Weihua;Chen Ying;Long Fei

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (2): 9-18.

Abstract （484）

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Hongqikan region is located in the thrust tectonic belt in Piedmont of northern of Turpan–Hami Basin. By the
NW—SE compressive stress，the Jurassic mainly developed into the SW—NE master fault and the NE—SE or near the northsouth
secondary fault vertical or oblique to the master. In the master fault，thrust stacked successively from north to south，
forming a unique fracture combination of imbricate and fracture distribution characteristic of plane parallel of a“River”shape.
From west to east，Hongqikan belt shows three sections of dual thrust imbricate tectonic features that is imbricate thrustimbricate
stacking-imbricate thrust. The late Jurassic sediments is the major development stages for imbricate thrust，and the
thrust tectonics play a very important role in dual thrust imbricate structure development of Hongqikan in Cretaceous，which
stereotyped is later by the large angle thrusting movement transformation in Himalayan.

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Diagenesis of Tight Sandstone in Xishanyao Formation of Baka Aera

Liu Dengming;;Long Qunfen;Wang Shilin;Qin Zhangjin

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (2): 19-23.

Abstract （586）

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Diagenesis of tight sandstone in Xishanyao Formation Baka aera is carried out by observing the core in the field and
identifying thin section as well as analyzing scanning electron microscope（SEM），X-ray diffraction and cathodoluminescence.
The results indicate that feldspathic litharenite and litharenite with low porosity and permeability are reservoirs in Xishanyao
Formation in Baka area under the environmental effect of braided river delta and lacustrine facies. Diagenesis is at mesogenetic A
stage，and its types involve compaction，cementation，dissolution with compaction as the most destructive effect and dissolution
as main constructive diagenesis.

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Controlling Factors of Fractured Limestone Reservoir-forming of UpperCretaceous in North Kairouan Region，Pelagian Basin，North Africa

Deng Yilin;Lü Lei;Zhang Jing;Yang Rongjun

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (2): 24-28.

Abstract （512）

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The Pelagian Basin in North Africa is one of the important oil and gas basins. Based on the seismic，drilling，
analytic and testing data，the comprehensive analysis of the forming conditions of the Upper Cretaceous fractured limestone
reservoir reveals the following points：the formation of the oil and gas reservoir in this region is mainly controlled by oil resource
conditions，the strike and abundance of the fracture and fault，as well as the distribution of effective transport layer and thick cap
rock；the structural areas developed northwest faults and fractures，composite passage system and thick cap rock are favorable
areas of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. The faults and fractures developing in the direction of northeast are unsealed，
which is beneficial for the lateral and vertical migration of the hydrocarbon and for the improvement of the limestone reservoir
property. The movement of salt in the late Palaeocene makes the mudstone of the Haria formation，which is the regional covering
strata，partially eroded，resulting in the maldistribution and the change of the thickness of the cap rock in the region，which
can greatly influence the height of hydrocarbon column of reservoir that can be sealed. As a result，it is pointed out that the
complex anticline belt in central NK and the nosing belt in Eastern NK are two favorable areas of oil and gas accumulation，
which provide guidelines for the exploration of carbonate reservoir in this region.

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Study on Reservoir Characteristics in Badaowan Formation，BaijiahaiUplift—Fubei Slope

Kuang Hao;Qu jianhua;Wang Zhenqi;Liu Ni;Ma Wenrui

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (2): 29-36.

Abstract （395）

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By observing thin-sections and casting thin-sections，and analysing materials X-ray diffraction，scanning electron
microscope（SEM）and mercury injection and so on，we carry out a comprehensive research on the features of Jurassic petrology
and pore structure in Baijiahai Uplift—Fubei Slope. Types of diagenesis and diagenetic evolution sequences，the impact of
diagenesis on pore structure and pore evolution are also studied for this research. Crossplots of electric well logs and acoustic
impedance are applied to identify different lithologic characters. The results are that the lithology in the studies area is mainly
lithic sandstone；the crossplots can well distinguish lithologies in the field，and that the reservoir in the field is evolved from
original high-porosity to low-porosity type nowadays.

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Frequency-dependent seismic Reflection Coefficient forDiscriminating Gas Reservoirs

Xu Duo;Gan Qigang;Tang Jianming;Li Yong

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (2): 37-42.

Abstract （579）

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The asymptotic equation of wave propagation in fluid-saturated porous media is available for calculating the normal
reflection coefficient within seismic frequency band. This frequency-dependent reflection coefficient is expressed in terms of
a dimensionless parameter ，which is the product of the reservoir fluid mobility (i.e. inverse viscosity)，fluid density，and the
frequency of the signal. In this paper，we apply this expression to Xinchang gas-field，China，where reservoirs are super in
tight sands with very low permeability. We demonstrate that the variation in reflection coefficient at gas/water contacts is as
a transition zone within a sand formation observable within seismic frequency band. Then we conduct seismic inversion to
generate attributes which first indicate the existence of fluid (either gas or water)，and then discriminate a gas reservoir from a
water reservoir.

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Organic Geochemistry of Triassic Source Rock in the SouthernJunggar Basin

Kang Sufang;Xiang Baoli;Liao Jiande;AblimitImin;Sun Ping′an

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (2): 43-53.

Abstract （546）

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Whether the effective Triassic hydrocarbon source rocks are developed in the Junggar Basin is debatable. This
problem was discussed in this paper by organic geochemical studies based on a case study in the southern Junggar Basin. Abundance，
type and maturity of organic matter were studied，which，in turn，leads to a discussion on the hydrocarbon generation
potential. The results show that the organic matter abundance has reached the standard of middle to high quality source rocks.
The organic matters are mainly derived from higher plants，and the kerogen is mainly typeIII with some type II. The organic
matters are predominantly mature，and can be highly to over mature in the depression and footwalls of the thrust faults. Thus，the
Triassic mudstones are favorable for hydrocarbon（gas in particular）generation. This should be noted in the future petroleum
exploration.

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Study of Deep Layer Turbidite Fan Detection Based on the SeismicMulti-attribute Analyses

Wang Jianhua;Tang Hebing;Zhang Liangqing;Wu Mingsheng;Yin Cheng

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (2): 54-64.

Abstract （656）

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There are various types of deep layer turbidite fans in Paleogene Dongying Formation from Liaozhong structure
zone of Bohai Bay of China. These turbidite fans are the most potential play of oil & gas exploration. They were buried deeply，
and few exploration wells can be used. Their research of these turbidite fans must rely on seismic data. This paper studies
the two representative turbidite fans and their internal feature using polytype seismic attributes extracted from the seismic data
of the LD22–1 area. We analyze not only their geologic characteristic，but also the display feature in the different seismic
attributes，and the reason why they would show such feature from the physical and geological significance. Eventually，12
seismic attributes sensitive to the identification of turbidite fan are obtained.

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Research of Modeling of the Reservoir and AVO Characteristics

Wang Yuanjun;Teng Yubo;Wei Lixin

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (2): 65-71.

Abstract （470）

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In the process of accurate interpretation of multi-wave seismic data to solve the problem of multi-wave information
recognition. Based on the techniques of elastic wave forwarding，aiming at the reservoir geological model of some oil field
exploration area，we use the high-order staggered-grid difference technology to simulate many shots seismic records of the
nonzero offset shot gathers，implement the multi-wave seismic data processing to acquire the CMP of P wave and converted
wave，NMO trace gathers of CCP prestack including AVA information，and superposition profiles. Based on the AVA calculation
of the model，the layer parameters of the model，and the forwarding wave fields relation of the P-S wave，we also compare，and
research the corresponding relation between the P wave and the converted wave. The results of analysis show that the simulation
results and AVO analysis results are consistent. The significant wave field differences of between P wave and converted wave
in same reservoir are existed，which are helpful to recognize and interpret the multi-wave information in this area，and make
use of the multi-wave data to provide the important guiding significance for the reservoir prediction.

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An Offset Design Based on Second Derivative of Target Stratum Energy

Xu Feng;Chen Li;Su Yue;Liu Fulie;Li Zhiyong

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (2): 72-78.

Abstract （592）

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During seismic exploration，the seismic survey design takes an essential part in the improvement of acquisition data.
The conventional survey design in the past can not meet the needs of complex seismic exploration，thus an optimal idea of offset
based on second derivative of target stratum energy is developed. In this article，at the base of illumination we created geological
model，then for the principle of highest efficiency and maximize in the target stratum energy，combining the detector energy
with energy rate using accumulation of energy and energy derivative，finally a new method of maximum offset was presented.
In this way，the experiment on complex moutainous area in Tarim shows a good result，therefore this design provides a new
method and means for the complex area.

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An Optimization Well Logging Interpretation Model of Fractured Intervalsin Low-permeability Sandstone Reservoir

Liu Xiaohong;Liu Kezhi;Li Linggao

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (2): 79-85.

Abstract （606）

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Low-permeability sandstone reservoir’s flow potential is seriously influenced by lithology and physical property.
The natural productivity is relatively low，which will perform well only after the reservoir reconstruction. Through the discussion
of rock mineral，clay mineral，calcareous cement and microscopic pore structure，combined with well logs，cores and
experiments，in this paper the factors that have effort on low-permeability sandstone reservoir’s flow potential was analyzed，
the key parameters in the evaluation of low-permeability sandstone reservoir were determined，the optimized production layer
standards and plates for the fracture of low-permeability sandstone reservoir were figured out，the optimized logging model
for reservoir fine evaluation and productivity prediction was established，and finally the optimized fracturing production layers
hierarchically were classified. This result will be the guidance for production and has utilization value in improving harvest rate
in the oil production test of reservoir and predicting effects after fracturing.

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Research on Improving Development Effect in the Heavy Oil Reservoirs ofQigu Formation in Block Jiu 9 of Karamay Oilfield

Feng Guoqing;Guo Shuju;Zheng Aiping;Sun Shuting

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) 2012, 34 (2): 86-90.

Abstract （538）

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The heavy oil reservoirs of Qigu Formation in block Jiu9 of Karamay Oilfield is shallowly buried and loosely
consolidated，which leads to serious steam channeling and sand production and thus impedes the well production. The reservoir
has come into middle and later stage of steam soak production. It takes on characteristics as high water-cut，low production，
edge and bottom water invasion，which accelerate production decline，and make the exploitation difficult and the benefit of
development is descending. In order to improve the reservoir development，a typical well group is chosen for studying. With
the application of reservoir numerical simulation，a detailed study is done on the design of exploitation projects and index
forecasting. The simulated results accord with the reality of the oilfield exploitation. The research indicates that oil recovery
of the reservoirs of Qigu Formation in Block Jiu 9 of Karamay Oilfield will certainly be enhanced if continuous steam-flood is
adopted after steam soaking.

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