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    20 November 1998, Volume 20 Issue 4
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    油气藏工程
    CLAY MINERALS AND POTENTIAL FORMATION DAMAGE OF TIGHT GAS-BEARING SANDSTONE IN WESTERN SICHUAN BASIN
    KANG Yi-li LUO Ping-ya JIAO Di et al
    1998, 20(4):  1-5.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.001
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    In order to illustrate formation damage mechanism of tight gas-bearing sandstone and work out a protection scheme during drilling and completion, clay minerals from Jurassic to Upper Triassic sandstone in representative gas fields were studied.Thin section, XRD, and SEM experimental methods were used to analyze the content, type, occurrence and microstructure of the minerals. The study indicates those clay content decreases with increased depth. There are kaolinite, chlorite, illite,smectite, interlayered smectite/chlorite and smectite/illite. Diagenitic history of the minerals is as follows: smectite (interlayered smectite/chlorite (chlorite, smectite(interlayered smectite/illite(I, and kaolinite(iillite. Seven types of clay microstructure
    are recognized and the stability of clay microstructure increases with depth. The study also shows that clay sensitivities and reservoir tightness, which is resulted from the existence of clays, are the essential factors to cause formation damage. In prevention of formation damage, the most important is to solve the clay problems. Compared with water or oil based working
    fluids, gas based fluids are superior for damage prevention from clays.

    RESEARCH ON EQUATION OF STATE APPLIED FOR SPECIAL OIL AND GAS CONDENSATE SYSTEMS
    ZHAO Jin-cheng LI Shi-lun SUN Lei　
    1998, 20(4):  6-9.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.002
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    By analyzing the characteristics of special oil and gas condensate systems, a new and applicable cubic EOS (Equation of State) is expanded to the special oil/gas systems. By calculating practical oil/gas system, an EOS is derived, which is applicable for the wide ranges of composition, temperature and pressure.
    THE APPLICATION OF COMPREHENSIVE RESERVOIR EVALUATION IN COMPLICATED RESERVOIRS
    LANG Xiao-lin ZHAO Li-min KANG Hong-quan
    1998, 20(4):  10-13.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.003
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    By means of seismic data processing, ELAN-PLUS logging data processing, ROCKCLASS sedimentary facies analysis, IESX seismic data interactive interpretation, oil and gas distinction by neural network and Reservoir Modeling (RM),the reservoir characteristics of Nugeba area in Erlian Basin were comprehensively evaluated. Based on the work, the favorable
    oil-bearing areas and boundaries of the reservoir have been figured out. According to the study, more than thousand tons of proven oil reserve have been explored. An obvious geological result and economic efficiency are obtained from practical production.
    APPLICATION OF MCZ METHOD IN OILFIELD DEVELOPMENT PLAN PTIMIZATION
    LI Qi-shen DUAN Yong-gang TANG Li-pin et al
    1998, 20(4):  14-16.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.004
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    MCZ method is used to set up a comprehensive evaluation indicator system for oil field development plan optimization, and a certain weight values are given to the factors according to the relative importance to conduct multiple factors analysis of oil field development plan optimization. It is shown by case study that this method is simple and reliable.
    A PROBE TO THE BASIS OIL PREDICTION METHOD FOR RESERVOIR PRODUCTION BY WATERFLOODING
    LIU Yan-Peng PENG Peng-shang
    1998, 20(4):  17-19.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.005
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    The basis oil predicting is discussed in the paper to jointly cooperate on enhancing oil recovery in the waterflooding reservoirs and a new method of forecasting the basis oil is put forward. The method is based on the production data and its change rule, thus reaches the purpose to predict the basis oil through comprehensively analyzing the factors affecting the production, fetches up the limitation and shortage of production decline curve method in which, the oil production is recognized as the overall item. The basis oil at different development stages can be predicted by this method, it is applicable and easy to meet the needs of both sides and promote the negotiation of cooperation.

    EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE DISSOLUTION OF MUSCOVITE IN ALKALIS
    CHEN Zhong SHEN Ming-dao ZHAO Jing-song et al
    1998, 20(4):  20-22.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.006
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    the authors did the systematical researches on the interactions of muscovite and different alkaline agents with various concentrations. Liquid and solid parameters were detected, respectively. Results for muscovite in alkalis show there exist instant dissolution trend and vibrating trend during the process.
    Difference in concentration of NaOH causes much more difference in dissolution extent than that of NaCO3 does. Silicon/aluminum ratio in reaction solution is equal to that in primary solid, which indicates consistent dissolution occurs. Temperature rise can enhance the dissolution of muscovite in alkalis.

    A NEW METHOD OF PRESSURE BUILDUP TESTINGANALYSIS FOR GASWATER WELL
    LI Xiao-ping ZHAO Bi-rong et al
    1998, 20(4):  23-25.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.007
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    A mathematical model of pressure buildup testing analysis for gas-water well is presented in the paper, and the mathematical model is simplified by defining a function of gas-water two-phase pseudo-pressure. Based on the obtained solution of the mathematical model, an analysis method for pressure buildup data of gas- water is established. Practical pressure buildup testing data of a gas-water well were explained, and reservoir permeability, skin factor and reservoir pressure obtained, from which the results are reliable, thereby it is proved that the analysis method presented in the paper is reasonable.
    MEASURING AND ANALYZING METHOD OF HIGH RESSURE PROPERTIES FOR NATURAL GAS
    GE Ping SUN Lei SUN Liang-tian et al
    1998, 20(4):  26-29.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.008
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    As the discovery of natural gas reservoirs, it is more and more important to regulate the measuring method of highpressure properties for natural gas. For reservoir fluid analysis,there are two petroleum industrial standards, one is SY/T 5543 -92 for the sampling and recombination of condensate reservoir, and the other is SY/T 5542-92 for the mercury-free analysis for crude oil, but there is no corresponding method for natural gas, yet. This study establishes a set of analyzing methods for the high-pressure measurement and analysis of natural gas. It includes the operation procedure, measuring method and
    data analysis, as well as case study for natural gas analysis.
    石油地质勘探
    EVALUATION OF OIL AND GAS RESOURCE IN CENTRAL TARIM BASIN, CHINA
    XU Zhi-min DONG Bin
    1998, 20(4):  30-34.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.009
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    A systematic evaluation of source rock from central Tarim Basin is provided and the scale of oil and gas generated from source rock in the area is calculated with the method of basin simulation. The study shows that the migration and accumulation of oil and gas chiefly occurred during or before the period of tectonic movements in early Paleozoic and late Paleozoic. The
    early accumulated oil and gas had been destroyed severely. The tectonic evolution in the area is very important to the migration and accumulation of oil and gas. Cambrian and Lower Ordovician source rocks generated and expelled oil at early time, so they paid little contribution to the oil reservoir discovered at present. However, the natural gas expelled from these source rocks at late time is easy to accumulate. The period for middle and upper Ordovician source rocks to generate and expel oil lasted a very long time, so the oil and gas from this source rock provided essential contribution to the oil reservoir in the area.

    THE INVERSION OF THE ACOUSTIC LOGGING CURVE BY WALSH FUNCTION
    FENG Guo-qing TAN De-hui XIA Hong-quan
    1998, 20(4):  35-37.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.010
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    Based on Walsh function commonly used in geophysics, an inversion algorithm of the acoustic logging curve is presented.The actual technique of inversion process is discussed deliberately and two inversion methods, point by point method and interval by interval method, are concluded. As an example, the acoustic logging curve of the L2-3 well in Linpan Reservoir was inversed and the result is satisfactory.
    钻采工艺与设备
    NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR THERMAL STRESS NEAR WELLBORE DURING DRILLING
    TANG Lin FENG Wen-wei
    1998, 20(4):  38-42.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.011
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    The wellbore stability, fracturing, cementing strength,and casing failure during thermal recovery are affected by thermal stress. In this paper based on the thermoelastic mechanics,the mathematical models for thermal stress have been derived through assuming the formation near the wellbore as uniform
    and continuous elastic medium. The numerical solutions for transient thermal stress near hole are computed by means of the temperature distribution during mud circulation and no circulation. The plots of thermal stress versus depth, radius, and time have been obtained. The theoretical models and computed results are of guiding significance for the study of the field problems caused by thermal stress.

    APPLICATION OF DRILLING TECHNOLOGY OF HIGH ANGLE DUAL-TARGET DIRECTIONAL WELL IN ZHONGYUAN OILFIELD
    QIU Chuan-jun ZHANG Ya-sha LU Yan-sheng et al
    1998, 20(4):  43-46.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.012
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    Aimed at the problems of high angle dual-target directional well, such as large slant angle, long slant section, multitarget, severe deviation, sticking and sloughing, a study was conducted in Central China Oilfield. 9 high angle and multitarget wells were drilled, and a progress in track control, stickingrevention and increasing penetration rate, is achieved.
    BREAKTHROUGH DURING CEMENT SLURRY COAGULATION
    LIU Chong-jian XIE Ying-quan GUO Xiao-yang et al
    1998, 20(4):  47-52.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.013
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    Gas, oil or water breakthrough caused by weightlessness during cement slurry coagulation is one of the most important factors, which influences cementing quality. In connection with characteristics of high temperature, high pressure and active oil gas and water in deep well, and combining mechanism study and field application, the factors affecting cement slurry weightlessness and gas breakthrough, and the mechanism and method of preventing gas breakthrough is studied, and presents the measures of monitoring cement slurry’s resistance, stability, and water loss, and assuring the pressure balance in the procedure of cement slurry coagulation is presented, so as to reach the goal of preventing oil, gas and water breakthrough. Tests
    shows that six types of cement slurry compounding are capable of preventing gas breakthrough, and are separately suitably for hole depth of various pressure gradients, of which 3-S slurry is of the best capability for preventing gas breakthrough.
    A NEW METHOD OF ENERGY-SAVING RUN FOR WATER INJECTION SYSTEM
    ZHOU Wen-ge YU Wei-ge JIANG Shi-hu
    1998, 20(4):  53-54.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.014
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    In order to reduce energy consumption during water injection for oil recovery, the decreasing voltage method and flow control method as well as their limitations are analyzed. The comprehensive method is established by combining the decreasing voltage method and flow control method. Through computer control, the method has brought about huge economic benefits in water injection system in oilfields. Therefore the comprehensive method will be widely used in water injection and energy-saving engineering.
    THE METHOD OF SOLUTION AND ESTABLISHMENT FOR AXIAL VIBRATION MODEL OF DRILLING STRING
    LIU Qing-you MA De-kun TANG Xiao-wen
    1998, 20(4):  55-58.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.015
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    Based on the interaction model of bit and formation, the force caused by rock and bit is defined as the bottom boundary condition of drilling string. Under some simplified condition and by means of elastic bar theory and unit method, the axial vibration model according to interaction between bit and formation
    and elastic deformation of drill string is established during drilling process. Based on the boundary condition and initial condition, the axial model is soluted by difference methods. It is a theoritical foundation for further understanding of the dynamic behavior and kinetics rule of drilling string and rock bit,modifying design method, controlling well track and preventing
    failure early.
    THE DEVELOPMENT OF DYNAMIC SIMULATION MODELS OF XJ350WORKOVER RIG’S HOISTING SYSTEM
    HOU Yong-jun DU Xiao-ping AIZhijiu et al
    1998, 20(4):  59-62.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.016
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    In order to understand the dynamic behavior of workover rig’s hoisting system, and reduce the time of developing production equipment and testing expense, use ADAMS to set up dynamic simulation models of XJJ350 workover rig’s hoisting system in hoisting and feeding-off, when build these models,
    discretelize the tubing or sucker - rod. Only make a little change about these models, they can be used to analyze the dynamic behavior in hoisting and feeding-off at different depths.It is proved that these models are feasible.
    COATING TUNGSTEN ON THE SURFACE OF DIAMOND BY THE LIQUID SALT
    TANG Xiao-wen LIU Qing-you
    1998, 20(4):  63-65.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.017
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    By the technology of manufacturing diamond tools, for the purpose of strengthening the joint of the diamond and the base metal, the diamond surface was coated by the tungsten with the method of high temperature liquid salt. The X-ray diffraction was used to determine the structure of the coating surface. At last, the shock abrasive wear test was performed. The result has shown that the high temperature liquid salt may produce
    metallized structure on the diamond surface but also does not damage the diamond quality. The weldability of the metallized diamond and the base metal was excellent. Tungsten coating on the diamond surface by the liquid is available to make the most wear resistance of the diamond.
    化学工程
    SYNTHESES AND FLOCCUBILITY OF POLYMER CAPVP CONTAINING ZWITTERION STRUCTURE UNITS
    HU Xin-qi LU Jia CHEN Yuan-dong
    1998, 20(4):  66-68.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.018
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    In this paper the chemical reaction of poly (vinyl pyridine) was studied and the polyelectrolytes CAPVP containing zwitterion structure units were synthesized. The floccubility of CAPVP for clay dispersion system in water and the interaction of molecules of CAPVP with clay was investigated. The results
    indicates that CAPVP can be used as flocculant for sewage disposal of oil well.
    STUDY ON NEW MUD FILTRATION REDUCER APR
    YANG Liu LI Jian LI Chun-xia;et al
    1998, 20(4):  69-71.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.019
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    A new anti-temperature and anti-salt fluid-loss agent with cationic groups and anionic groups in a molecular structure has been synthesized by adopting the principle of amphoteric polymer mud additives’function. Test results show that amphoteric pherolresin not only inherit the five advantages of methyl sulfonic phenolresin (SMP), but also possess fairly good inhibition for shale hydrating and swell, high efficiency to control filtration as well. The proportion of cationic groups and anionic groups influences the properties of amphoteric pherolresin.
    IMPROVING THE FLOW PERFORMANCE OF POLYMER SOLUTION BY USING INSITU GENERATED DISPERSED FOAM
    YE Zhong-bin ZENG Shun-peng
    1998, 20(4):  72-74.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.020
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    Flowing performance of polymer solution with in- situ generated dispersed foam in sand-pack was tested at 60(C. By comparing the flow resistance of this kind of fluid with general polymer solution, it was found that, the polymer solution with in-situ generated dispersed foam has good polymer solution in
    serious permeability heterogeneous reservoir, which is beneficial to improve oil recovery.
    STUDY OF GRAFT CO-POLYMER OF DIMETHYLDIALYL AMMONIUM
    MA Xi-ping SHAO Ding-bo WANG Shu CHEN Yuan-dong
    1998, 20(4):  75-77.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.021
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    Graft copolymer of dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride onto starch with initiated by cerium sulfate crystal is synthesized.Based on the pre-research of the affect of the content of initiator, pH and temperature on graft opolymerization, the effect of ratio of starch to dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride, nonemer concentration on grafting percentage and graft efficiency are studied. The coolymer’s structure is verified through infrared and Ramam spectroscopy. The anti-clay swell ability is also evaluated.
    基础研究
    NOVEL METHOD FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL SINUSOIDAL FREQUENCY EFFICIENT ESTIMATION
    TANG Bin
    1998, 20(4):  78-80.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.022
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    Based on the architecture of the signal data matrix and generalized eigen value decomposition of its transformed matrix pencils, a novel and computational efficient method for separately estimating multiple two-dimensional sinusoidal frequency is proposed in this paper. Moreover, the estimated two-dimensional sinusoidal frequency is paired automatically. Its effectiveness is compared with eigen matrix transform method and confirmed by computer simulation.
    THE PRECISE POINT SOURCE SOLUTION FOR THE TRANSIENT FLOW IN A NATURALLY FRACTURED RESERVOIR AND ITS APPLICATION
    PENG Liangyi WU Xiaoqing LIU Jianxing
    1998, 20(4):  81-84.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.1998.04.023
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    The method of orthogonal transformation and the theory of matrix differential equation are used in this paper to obtain the precise point source solution for the transient flow in a naturally fractured reservoir that is infinite in all directions, and by the application of this precise solution, a number of precise solutions can be further obtained for mathematical model of well test
    analysis.