Table of Content

15 October 2026, Volume 11 Issue 10

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Exploring the Mechanism of Total Flavonoids from Sargentodoxa cuneata against Ulcerative Colitis Based on "Bile Acid Receptors-Network Analysis"

Xu Feng, Zhang Minggao, Liu Qianbo

2026, 11(10):  1-12.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j . issn . 2096-2266. 2026. 10. 001

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〔Abstract〕Objective：To investigate the potential active components and mechanisms of total flavonoids from Sargentodoxa cuneata(TFSc) against ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: Based on the components of TFSc identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrom ⁃etry in a previous study, molecular docking was performed using bile acid receptors , including farnesoid X receptor (FXR), pregnane Xreceptor (PXR), Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), and vitamin D receptor (VDR), as targets to screen potential active com ⁃ponents with favorable binding affinities . Six identified representative components were selected for network pharmacology analysis , in⁃cluding target prediction, construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis, and KyotoEncyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis . Results: A total of 73 potential active components with fa⁃vorable binding affinities to the four bile acid receptors were identified . All six representative components exhibited binding affinitiesof ≤−7 .4 kcal/mol to the bile acid receptors . Network pharmacology analysis identified 38 core targets, which were mainly involved inthe PI3K-Akt, MAPK, Ras, ErbB, JAK-STAT, and HIF-1 signaling pathways, as well as biological processes including inflammatoryresponses, immune responses, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, and mucosal repair . Conclusion: TFSc may exert anti-UC effects byacting on bile acid receptors and regulating multiple targets and signaling pathways involved in bile acid metabolism , immune inflam⁃mation, and intestinal mucosal repair . These findings provide a theoretical basis for further elucidating the pharmacodynamic materialbasis and mechanism of Sargentodoxa cuneata against UC .

Construction Path and Practical Exploration of Pharmacokinetics Course under the Integrated Paradigmof "Five-in-One, Industry-Education-Research-Innovation"

Lai Yong, Liu Heng, Zhu Jiali, Yang Yinhe, Yang Wanqi, Wang Yan

2026, 11(10):  13-18.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j . issn . 2096-2266. 2026. 10. 002

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〔Abstract〕Pharmacokinetics is a core course in life sciences and pharmacy . In response to the issues in traditional teaching , such asinsufficient integration of ideological and political elements with professional knowledge , teaching content lagging behind industrial de⁃velopment, and students´ weak innovative thinking , the curriculum team constructed a dual-driven curriculum reform system of "cur⁃riculum ideological and political education for value shaping + case teaching for empowerment", so as to improve the contemporaneityand cutting-edge nature of the course . Centered on ideological and political guidance , the team adopted diversified teaching modessuch as case discussion, problem-based learning and flipped classroom to innovate teaching contents and methods . It promotes thetransformation and connection between theoretical knowledge , research frontiers and practical application , and realizes the high unifica⁃tion of knowledge transmission , ability cultivation, and value shaping . Meanwhile, with vivid cases and immersive teaching , the courseenhances its attractiveness and contemporary appeal , and helps cultivate compound pharmaceutical talents with lofty professional eth ⁃ics and profound professional competence .

Association between Dynamic Monitoring of Coagulation Function and Prognosis in Patients with SevereTraffic Trauma Receiving Massive Transfusion on the Yunnan-Xizang Route

Li Qian, Xu Jia, Mu Sen, Li Jing, Li Xuan, Dou Yanqiong, Ni Mei, Shen Wenjie

2026, 11(10):  19-26.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j . issn . 2096-2266. 2026. 10. 003

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〔Abstract〕Objective：To investigate the dynamic changes in coagulation function and their association with 30-day prognosis in pa⁃tients with severe traffic trauma receiving massive transfusion on the Yunnan-Xizang route , and to evaluate the predictive value ofearly coagulation indicators for poor prognosis . Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 205 patients with se⁃vere traffic trauma who received massive transfusion at Unit 32268 of the Chinese People´s Liberation Army from January 2023 to De⁃cember 2024. According to their 30-day outcomes, the patients were divided into a survival group (n=144) and a death group (n=61).Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), international normalized ratio (INR), fibrinogen (FIB), plateletcount (PLT), and D-dimer levels were measured within 10 min after admission (T0) and at 6 h (T1), 24 h (T2), and 72 h (T3) after mas⁃sive transfusion . Coagulation indicators and major clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups at each time point . General⁃ized estimating equations were used to analyze dynamic trends , multivariable Logistic regression was performed to identify factors asso ⁃ciated with poor prognosis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the predictive performance of co ⁃agulation indicators at T0 . Results: At T0, PT, APTT, INR, and D-dimer levels were significantly higher, whereas FIB and PLT levelswere significantly lower, in the death group than in the survival group (P<0 .001). Significant between-group differences persisted forthese indicators at T1-T3, with a significant group-by-time interaction (P<0 .001). The incidences of trauma-induced coagulopathy ,multiple organ dysfunction syndrome , and sepsis, as well as ICU length of stay, total hospital stay, and transfusion volume, were higherin the death group than in the survival group (P<0 .05). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that the Injury Severity Score ,PT, INR, and D-dimer at T0 were independent risk factors for poor prognosis , whereas FIB at T0 was a protective factor (P<0 .05). ROCanalysis showed that the INR at T0 had the highest predictive value for poor 30-day prognosis, with an area under the curve (AUC) of0.85 (95% CI: 0.79-0.91). Conclusion: Patients with severe traffic trauma receiving massive transfusion on the Yunnan-Xizang routeexhibit marked coagulation dysfunction early after admission , and coagulation abnormalities persist longer in patients with poor progno ⁃sis . Elevated PT, INR, and D-dimer levels and decreased FIB levels at T0 are independently associated with poor 30-day prognosis,with INR showing good early predictive value . Dynamic monitoring of coagulation function may facilitate early risk stratification and co ⁃agulation management in patients with severe trauma at high altitude .

Analysis of the Clinical Application Rules of Acupoint Application as an Adjunctive Therapy for PediatricMycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia Based on "Syndrome-Acupoint-Medicine"

Wu Yueting, Zheng Cuifen, Yang Yan, Yang Meifen, Li Bo, Li Guomin, Xi Li

2026, 11(10):  27-34.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j . issn . 2096-2266. 2026. 10. 004

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〔Abstract〕Objective：To analyze the current clinical application status and characteristics of acupoint application as an adjunctivetherapy for pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Chinese and Englishdatabases, including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, China BioMedical Literature Database , and Web of Science, covering the period from Janu⁃ary 1, 2015 to May 31, 2025. Association rules, complex networks and system clustering analyses were conducted using SPSS Modeler18.0 and SPSS 26.0. Results: A total of 90 articles were included, from which 112 prescriptions covering 10 syndrome types were ex⁃tracted . The high-frequency acupoints reported were Feishu (BL13, 31.56%), Tanzhong (CV17, 17.49%), and Tiantu (CV22, 14.07%).The high-frequency herbs were Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 7.79%), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Kuxingren, 6.12%), Sinapis AlbaeSemen (Baijiezi, 5.42%), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 4.59%), and Descurainiae Semen (Tinglizi, 4.17%).Medicinal properties weredominated by warm and cold natures, while medicinal flavors were mainly pungent , sweet and bitter . The high-frequency acupointswere clustered into five groups, and high-frequency herbs into four groups . Association rule analysis revealed 14 strongly associatedacupoint combinations, with the core combination of Feishu-Tanzhong-Tiantu , and 25 strongly associated herb combinations , with thecore formula consisting of Mahuang-Baijiezi-Tinglizi-Shigao-Kuxingren-Dahuang-Huangqin-Yuxingcao-Jinyinhua . The most fre⁃quently reported dosage form was paste , with vinegar or ginger juice as the main excipients . Conclusion: According to the literature,acupoint application as an adjunctive therapy for pediatric MPP predominantly selects the Back-Shu point (Feishu) in combinationwith the Conception Vessel acupoints (Tanzhong and Tiantu). The medicinal compatibility presents the characteristics of "pungent me ⁃dicinals for dispersing and diffusing , bitter medicinals for descending and purging , sweet medicinals for moderating and alleviating".The prescription design, in terms of acupoint selection , medication, dosage forms and excipients, is closely associated with syndromedifferentiation and treatment .

Construction and Practical Pathways of a Collaborative Medical Education and Training Mechanism forProfessional Master's Students in Clinical Medicine from the Perspective of Value Co-creation

Huang Da, Liu Hong

2026, 11(10):  35-42.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j . issn . 2096-2266. 2026. 10. 005

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〔Abstract〕Professional master´s education in clinical medicine is an important pathway for cultivating high-level applicationoriented medical professionals, and collaboration between medical institutions and educational institutions is essential for improvingthe quality of talent cultivation . In response to practical challenges in stakeholder collaboration , interaction and coordination, resourcesharing, and shared value objectives between universities and hospitals , a collaborative medical education and training mechanism forprofessional master´s students in clinical medicine was constructed from the perspective of value co-creation . Based on a fourdimensional framework comprising multiple stakeholders , interactive platforms, shared resources, and common goals, a core trainingcycle consisting of motivation , resource sharing, process collaboration, and evaluation and feedback was established . Practical pathwayswere proposed across three stages: pilot implementation, institutional integration, and cultural cultivation . Through stakeholder engage⁃ment, integration of university and hospital resources , whole-process collaboration , and dynamic evaluation and feedback , universitiesand hospitals can shift from formal cooperation toward deep collaboration , thereby achieving synergistic improvement in talent cultiva ⁃tion and medical service capacity . The perspective of value co-creation provides new theoretical insights and practical pathways foraddressing structural challenges in collaborative medical education for professional master´s students in clinical medicine and offers areference for constructing a high-quality collaborative medical talent training system .

Curriculum Reform of Parasitology for Medical Laboratory Science Based on the Outcome-Based Education Concept

Liu Jianling, Wang Miao, Wang Shaoying,

2026, 11(10):  43-49.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j . issn . 2096-2266. 2026. 10. 006

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〔Abstract〕With the development of the New Medical Science initiative and advances in clinical laboratory technology , the traditionalteaching model of Clinical Parasitology and Parasitological Laboratory Techniques has certain limitations in the integration of theoreti ⁃cal knowledge with clinical practice , practical teaching settings, and assessment and evaluation . Based on the concept of outcomebased education (OBE), a systematic curriculum reform was implemented for medical laboratory science students at a local university ,focusing on curriculum objectives, teaching content, teaching mode, and the assessment and evaluation system . A teaching frameworkof "theoretical foundation-practical training-clinical application-innovation and development" was established , incorporating blendedonline and offline teaching, case discussions, virtual simulation-based practice , and diversified assessment throughout the teaching pro⁃cess . Fifty students from the 2022 cohort were selected as the control group , and 49 students from the 2023 cohort were selected as thereform group . The effects of the reform were evaluated in terms of curriculum satisfaction , final examination scores, and innovation andpractical achievements . The results showed that curriculum satisfaction and final examination scores increased in the reform group . Themean score increased from 73.9 to 76.7, the minimum score increased from 48 to 62, and the number of students who failed decreasedto zero . Innovation and entrepreneurship projects and achievements in disciplinary competitions also showed positive changes , includ⁃ing a breakthrough in obtaining a national-level competition award . Curriculum reform based on the OBE concept can help enhancestudents´ learning initiative, strengthen the integration of theoretical knowledge with clinical practice , and promote the development ofpractical abilities and innovative literacy , providing a reference for teaching reform of related courses in medical laboratory science pro ⁃grams at local medical colleges and universities .

Association between Gestational Weight Gain and Early Growth and Development of Offspring

Zou Yi, Ye Mengya, Liang Zhongyue, Jiang Bailing, Tang Jun, Liu Ya

2026, 11(10):  50-56.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j . issn . 2096-2266. 2026. 10. 007

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〔Abstract〕Objective : To investigate the association between maternal gestational weight gain and the physical growth and neuropsy ⁃chological development of offspring during early childhood , and to provide evidence for gestational weight management and the preven ⁃tion and control of risks related to early growth and development in offspring . Methods: Pregnant women who participated in the South⁃west China Natural Population Birth Cohort Study in 2018 and were enrolled at Panzhihua Maternal and Child Health Hospital , to⁃gether with their offspring, were included . Data on gestational weight gain , pregnancy complications, and birth outcomes were collected ,and the children were followed up to 3 years of age . According to The Recommended Standards For Gestational Weight Gain In Preg⁃nant Women, participants were categorized into insufficient , adequate, and excessive gestational weight gain groups . Body mass index(BMI) was measured at 12, 24, and 36 months of age, and BMI Z-scores were calculated . Neuropsychological development was as⁃sessed using the Gesell Developmental Schedules at 12 and 24 months . Multiple linear regression and multivariable Logistic regressionanalyses were performed to assess the associations between gestational weight gain and growth and development of the offspring . Re⁃sults: A total of 538 children were included, of whom 152 (28 .3%) had mothers with insufficient gestational weight gain , 317 (58 .9%)had mothers with adequate gestational weight gain , and 69 (12 .8%) had mothers with excessive gestational weight gain . After adjustmentfor confounding factors, children in the insufficient gestational weight gain group had a higher absolute BMI Z-score at 36 months of age(P=0.011). Compared with the adequate gestational weight gain group , children in the insufficient gestational weight gain group had in ⁃creased risks of gross motor developmental delay (aOR=5.44) and language developmental delay (aOR=2.68) at 12 months, and the risk oflanguage developmental delay remained elevated at 24 months (aOR=3.74). Children in the excessive gestational weight gain group hadan increased risk of language developmental delay at 12 months (aOR=3.26). Conclusion: Insufficient maternal gestational weight gain isassociated with abnormal physical growth and neuropsychological development in offspring during early childhood , with potential effectspersisting over an extended period . Excessive gestational weight gain is primarily associated with early language developmental delay inoffspring . Strengthening dynamic monitoring of gestational weight gain and nutritional management during pregnancy , particularlyamong women with insufficient weight gain , may help reduce the risk of adverse growth and developmental outcomes in offspring .

Survey of Dengue Fever Prevention and Control Knowledge and Practices among Chinese Expatriate Railway Workers on the China-Laos Railway

Li Xiaofei, Chen Faqiang, Wang Lei

2026, 11(10):  57-63.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j . issn . 2096-2266. 2026. 10. 008

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〔Abstract〕Objective : To assess knowledge of dengue fever and mosquito prevention practices among Chinese expatriate railwayworkers on the China-Laos Railway and to provide a basis for developing targeted health education and disease prevention and controlmeasures . Methods: A cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey in June 2023 among Chinese expatriaterailway workers employed on the Boten-Vientiane section of the railway in Laos . The chi-square test and Fisher´s exact test were usedto analyze differences in dengue fever knowledge and mosquito prevention practices among different population groups . Results: A to⁃tal of 490 workers were surveyed, and 456 valid questionnaires were obtained , yielding a response validity rate of 93.06%. Among therespondents, 420 (92 .11%) had heard of dengue fever, 395 (86 .62%) had access to dengue-related information , and 386 (84 .65%)knew that dengue fever can be transmitted by mosquitoes ; however, only 243 (53 .29%) knew that mosquito larvae develop in water . Sig⁃nificant differences were observed in dengue fever knowledge among participants of different ages and educational levels (P<0 .05), andsignificant differences in knowledge of dengue transmission routes were observed among workers in different occupations (P=0.004).The mosquito prevention practice score was higher among males than females (P=0.038). Conclusion: Chinese expatriate railwayworkers on the China-Laos Railway have a relatively high overall level of basic knowledge about dengue fever but have insufficientknowledge of mosquito habits and breeding environments . Differences in disease prevention and control knowledge and practices existamongpopulationgroups.Consideringthecharacteristicsofexpatriaterailwaywork ,targetedtrainingforkeygroupsshouldbestrengthened ,togetherwith health education on eliminating mosquito breeding sites and personal protection , to reduce the risk of dengue fever infection .

Response to the Cluster Outbreak Caused by Norovirus GⅡ.13［P21］Genotype in a School in Yuxi City, Yunnan Province

Chen Wenjin, Cao Yihui, Wang Dongping, Wang Dongmei, Liu Zhengnan, Pan Junting, Ni Zhaolin

2026, 11(10):  64-69.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j . issn . 2096-2266. 2026. 10. 009

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〔Abstract〕Objective : To analyze the epidemiological and molecular biological characteristics of the cluster epidemic of norovirus in ⁃fection caused by the G Ⅱ.13［P21］variant in Yuxi City in 2025, supplement the epidemic data of rare norovirus genotypes in this re ⁃gion, and improve the prevention and control strategies for norovirus in schools . Methods: Through questionnaires and on-site verifica⁃tion, information on the onset of cases and epidemic data were collected . Current cases and environmental specimens were collected forpathogen detection, and positive specimens were subjected to gene sequencing and homology analysis . Results: From April 6 to 10,2025, a total of 11 norovirus infection cases were reported in a school in Yimen County , all among enrolled students, with an attack rateof 13.75% (11/80). The highest attack rate was observed in the sixth grade , where the index case identified (88 .89%, 8/9), and in MaleDormitory 1 for boys where the index case resided had the highest attack rate (75 .00%, 6/8). Risk factor analysis of food exposures foreach meal from April 6 to 8 showed no statistically significant differences between the case group and control group for any food item（P＞0.05）. Gene sequencing identified the strain as norovirus variant G Ⅱ.13［P21］. Conclusion: This is the first cluster outbreakcaused by the norovirus GⅡ.13［P21］variant among students in Yuxi City . The possibility of transmission through contact and aerosolmixing is relatively high . Active monitoring and health education on norovirus in schools should be strengthened .

Systematic Review of Risk Prediction Models for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Xia Linjuan, Yang Zehua, Ji Yulin, Lü Juncheng

2026, 11(10):  70-81.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j . issn . 2096-2266. 2026. 10. 010

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〔Abstract〕Objective : To systematically review risk prediction models for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) developed in Chinesepopulation . Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CBM, Wanfang, CNKI, and VIP databases were searchedfor studies published from January 2010 to December 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature , extracted data, andassessed the risk of bias, followed by qualitative analysis . Results: A total of 48 studies were included, comprising 42 model develop⁃ment studies without external validation , 5 development studies with external validation , and 1 external validation study . 47 studieswere rated as having a high risk of bias , and one study had an unclear risk . All model development studies evaluated model discrimina ⁃tion using the area under the curve (AUC), which ranged from 0.659 to 0.988. 38 model development studies reported calibration perfor⁃mance, which was generally acceptable . 12 studies constructed clinical decision curves , indicating potential net benefit . Internal valida⁃tion was performed in 27 studies, while only 5 studies conducted external validation . Conclusion: Although most prediction modelspossessed certain discriminatory capacity , 97.9% (47/48) of the included studies were assessed as having a high risk of bias . Addition⁃ally, internal validation was insufficient and external validation was largely absent , indicating that the robustness of the existing evi⁃dence is markedly inadequate . The findings of this study are only exploratory in nature , and the generalizability and applicability ofthese models require further validation under rigorous methodological standards .

Application Effects of Different PICC Insertion Techniques in Patients with Solid Malignancies Receiving Chemotherapy

Gao Yongli, Na Weiya, Li Juan, Li E, Wang Yue, Zhou Tingyan

2026, 11(10):  82-87.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j . issn . 2096-2266. 2026. 10. 011

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〔Abstract〕Objective : To investigate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided dynamic needle-tip positioning for peripherally in ⁃serted central catheter (PICC) placement in patients with solid malignancies receiving chemotherapy . Methods: A total of 161 patientswith solid malignancies who underwent PICC placement from April to December 2024 were randomly divided into an experimentalgroup (n=80) and a control group (n=81). The experimental group underwent PICC placement using ultrasound-guided dynamicneedle-tip positioning, whereas the control group underwent PICC placement using the ultrasound-guided angle-distance technique .The number of punctures, first-attempt success rate, time required for successful catheter placement , catheter placement success rate ,and adverse events were compared between the two groups . Results: Compared with the control group, the experimental group had asignificantly lower number of punctures , a significantly higher first-attempt success rate , and a significantly shorter time required forsuccessful catheter placement . The incidence rates of posterior vascular wall penetration , bleeding, skin ecchymosis, and complicationswere also significantly lower in the experimental group (P<0 .05). The catheter placement success rate was 100.00% in both groups,with no significant difference between the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided dynamic needle-tip positioning for PICCplacement in patients with solid malignancies receiving chemotherapy can improve the first-attempt success rate , reduce the number ofpunctures, shorten catheter placement time , and decrease the risks of posterior vascular wall penetration and related adverse events , in⁃dicating good potential for clinical application .

The Application Effect of the CDIO Teaching Mode in the Training of Midline Catheter Placement and Maintenance

Li Qingsong, Li Qing, Xu Xiaoyan, Li Hong, Li Min, Feng Ju

2026, 11(10):  88-94.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j . issn . 2096-2266. 2026. 10. 012

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〔Abstract〕Objective : To explore the application effect of the conceive-design-implement-operate (CDIO) teaching mode in thetraining of midline catheter (MC) placement and maintenance . Methods: A total of 80 trainees who participated in MC placement andmaintenance training course at the 920^th Hospital of the Joint Support Force of the People´s Liberation Army of China from 2023 to2024 were enrolled and divided into the control group and the experimental group using a historical control design , with 40 trainees ineach group . The control group adopted the conventional teaching , while the experimental group adopted the CDIO teaching . The teach⁃ing effect was evaluated using the General Information Questionnaire , the Nursing Staff Autonomous Learning Ability Rating Scale , theTeaching Satisfaction Questionnaire , and the Patient Catheter Usage Record . Results: After the training, the total score of autonomouslearning ability and the scores of each dimension , the scores of each dimension of teaching satisfaction and the theoretical and opera ⁃tional scores of the trainees in the experimental group were all higher than those in the control group (P<0 .05). The one-time catheter⁃ization success rate of the experimental group (85 .94%) was higher than that of the control group (64 .41%). There were statistically sig⁃nificant differences in the number of punctures , puncture methods, puncture sites, catheterization duration, indwelling duration, extuba⁃tion types, and the occurrence of complications between the two groups (P<0 .05). Conclusion: The CDIO teaching mode is superior toconventional teaching in the training of MC placement and maintenance . It can effectively improve trainees´ theoretical and practicalabilities, enhance their autonomous learning ability and teaching satisfaction , and thus is worthy of wide promotion in clinical nursingteaching . Catheter-related outcomes require further validation .

Effect of Problem-Based Learning Combined with Multimedia Teaching on the Clinical Training of Nursing Interns in the Radiology Department

Wang Hongyue, Wang Xingsong, Feng Runlin

2026, 11(10):  95-100.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j . issn . 2096-2266. 2026. 10. 013

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〔Abstract〕Objective : To investigate the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) combined with multimedia teaching on the clinicaltraining of nursing interns in the radiology department . Methods: Sixty nursing students who practiced in the radiology department ofthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from June 2024 to May 2025 were randomly divided into a control groupand an observation group, with 30 students in each group . The control group received traditional teaching , whereas the observationgroup received PBL combined with multimedia teaching . After the teaching was completed , theoretical examination scores , practicalskill scores, teaching satisfaction, and self-evaluation indicators of learning effects of the two groups were compared . Results: The theo⁃retical examination score, practical skill score, and teaching satisfaction score in the observation group were significantly higher thanthose in the control group (P<0 .05). The observation group also had higher scores in cognition of equipment structure and workflow , ra⁃diation protection and safety-related spatial awareness , and understanding of the correspondence between human anatomy and imaginglayers (P<0 .001). Conclusion: PBL combined with multimedia teaching can improve theoretical performance , practical skills, teachingsatisfaction, and self-evaluation level of learning effects among radiology nursing interns , providing a useful reference for optimizingclinical nursing training in the radiology department . Its long-term educational effects require further validation .