Table of Content

15 August 2026, Volume 11 Issue 8

Previous Issue   

Immunomodulatory Effect and Mechanism of Gastrodin K from Dobinea delavayi on Plasmodium - Infected Mice

Wu Jiu, Chen Jia, Shen Lei, Jiang Bei,

2026, 11(8):  1-10.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 08. 001

Asbtract ( 0 )   PDF (4157KB) ( 9 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

〔Abstract〕Objective: To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of Gastrodin K on immune responses in Plasmodium-infected mice and explore its potential molecular mechanisms. Methods: An animal model of Plasmodium yoelii-infected ICR mice was estab⁃ lished. The mice were randomly divided into control group, infection group, artemisinin group (30 mg/kg), and Gastrodin K group (30 mg/kg). After administration using the four-day suppressive test, parasitemia levels and organ indices were determined. Serum levels of nitric oxide (NO), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were measured using the Griess reaction and enzyme-linked im ⁃ munosorbent assay (ELISA). Flow cytometry was performed to analyze T-cell subsets and macrophage polarization status in the liver. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to predict potential targets , and multiplex immunofluorescence was applied to detect changes in the phosphorylation levels of key proteins involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling path⁃ way. Results: Gastrodin K significantly reduced parasitemia levels in infected mice (P<0 .01) and regulated inflammation-and immunity-related indicators, as evidenced by decreased serum NO levels and increased IgG levels , while exerting no significant effect on IFN-γ levels. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that Gastrodin K partially restored the balance of T-cell subsets and signifi ⁃ cantly increased the proportion of M2-type macrophages in the liver. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses suggested that EGFR, MAP2K 1, and MAPK14 were potential key targets. Immunofluorescence results further confirmed that Gastrodin K upregu ⁃ lated p-MAP2K 1 expression and inhibited p-MAPK14 expression, thereby regulating MAPK signaling pathway activity. Conclusion: Gastrodin K alleviates immune imbalance induced by malaria infection through regulation of macrophage polarization and the MAPK signaling pathway. While reducing parasite burden, Gastrodin K exerts immunomodulatory effects, providing experimental evidence for its potential application as an antimalarial candidate compound.

Effects of Tianzihong Nüjin Capsules on Primary Dysmenorrhea in Rats#br#

Qiao Mengyi, Xue Yanni, Jin Lu, Tan Di, Zhang Qingqing, Wu Dingyu, Peng Fang,

2026, 11(8):  11-17.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 08. 002

Asbtract ( 0 )   PDF (2333KB) ( 3 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

〔Abstract〕Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects of Tianzihong Nüjin Capsules on primary dysmenorrhea in rats and ex ⁃ plore its potential mechanisms. Methods: A rat model of primary dysmenorrhea was established by combined administration of estra ⁃ diol benzoate and oxytocin. Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group , model group, positive control group, and Tianzihong Nüjin Capsules treatment groups (low-, medium-, and high-dose groups). Writhing responses and changes in organ indices (thymus, uterus, and ovary) were observed. Serum levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, progesterone, immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were de⁃ termined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histopathological changes in uterine and ovarian tissues were examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Results: Compared with the model group, all dose groups of Tianzihong Nüjin Capsules exhibited re⁃ duced writhing frequency and prolonged writhing latency. The thymus index was increased, whereas the uterine and ovarian indices were decreased. The levels of PGE2 and progesterone were increased, while the levels of PGF2α, FSH, estradiol, IgG, and IgM were de⁃ creased. Histopathological damage in uterine and ovarian tissues was markedly alleviated , showing a certain dose-dependent effect. Conclusion: Tianzihong Nüjin Capsules effectively alleviates pain responses in rats with primary dysmenorrhea. The underlying mechanism may be associated with the regulation of prostaglandin and sex hormone levels , improvement of immune function, and reduc⁃ tion of inflammatory tissue damage.

Mechanism of Intermittent Aerobic Exercise in Improving Cardiac Function in Myocardial Infarction Rats

Xing Weixin, Zhang Weichao, Wang Changjie

2026, 11(8):  18-26.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 08. 003

Asbtract ( 0 )   PDF (2644KB) ( 3 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

〔Abstract〕Objective: To investigate the effects of intermittent aerobic exercise on the expression of myocardial matrix metalloprotein ⁃ ase-13 (MMP-13), endothelin (ET), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in myocardial infarction rats, and to explore the potential mechanisms underlying its improvement of cardiac function. Methods: A rat model of myocardial infarction was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (Sham group), myocardial infarction group (MI group), and myocardial infarction plus intermittent aerobic exercise group (ME group). Rats in the ME group underwent 8 weeks of intermittent aerobic exercise training. Hemodynamic analysis, TTC staining, Masson staining, im⁃ munohistochemistry, and Western blot were performed to evaluate cardiac function , myocardial fibrosis, and changes in the expression levels of MMP-13, ET, TNF-α, and IL-10 . Results: Compared with the Sham group, rats in the MI group exhibited significantly in⁃ creased myocardial infarct size and collagen fiber deposition , accompanied by impaired cardiac function, increased expression of myo⁃ cardial MMP-13, ET, and TNF-α, and decreased expression of IL-10 (P < 0.05). After 8 weeks of intermittent aerobic exercise inter⁃ vention, myocardial infarct size and collagen fiber deposition were reduced , hemodynamic parameters were significantly improved , the expression levels of MMP-13, ET, and TNF-α were significantly decreased, and IL-10 expression was significantly increased com ⁃ pared with the MI group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Intermittent aerobic exercise effectively improves cardiac structure and function in myocardial infarction rats. The underlying mechanism may be associated with the downregulation of MMP-13, ET, and TNF-α expres⁃ sion and upregulation of IL-10 expression, thereby inhibiting myocardial fibrosis and inflammatory responses.

Genotype Distribution and Drug Resistance Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Enterobacteriaceae in a Hospital in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture 

Jin Xiao, Zhang Haipeng, Gao Jinlian, Xiong Haoran, Nie Xiaohong, Yang Zhiwen, Fan Xu

2026, 11(8):  27-34.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 08. 004

Asbtract ( 0 )   PDF (1738KB) ( 4 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

〔Abstract〕Objective: To analyze the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of the blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M-3, and blaCTX-M-14 genes in extended-spectrum β-lactamase Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E), and to provide a basis for the rational use of antibacterial drugs and infection prevention and control. Methods: From August 2023 to April 2024, 332 Enterobacterales isolates were collected from a hospital in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture. ESBLs⁃positive isolates were identified by phenotypic confirmatory tests following CLSI guidelines. Genotypes were analyzed using PCR amplification, agarose gel electrophoresis and gene sequencing, and antimicrobial resistance profiles were assessed by susceptibility testing. Results: The detection rate of ESBL-E was 30.1% (100/332). Among these, Escherichia coli had the highest ESBLs positivity rate (74/208, 35.6%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (20/90,22.2%). The detection rates of blaCTX-M-14 , blaCTX-M-3 , blaTEM , and blaSHV genes were 54%, 45%, 43% and 21%, respec⁃ tively. Single genotypes accounted for 50%, predominantly blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-3 . Among mixed genotypes, blaSHV and bla⁃ TEM were all co-expressed with blaCTX-M (dual genotypes 30%, triple genotypes 19%). Among isolates carrying blaCTX-M type genes, blaCTX-M-14 was predominant in purulent secretions (76 .2%, 32/42); in urine, blaCTX-M-3 (59 .5%, 22/37) and blaCTX-M-14 (48 .6%, 18/37) showed co-prevalence; in lower respiratory tract specimens, blaCTX-M-3 was overwhelmingly dominant (93 .3%, 14/15). ESBL-E exhibited resistance rates > 70% to ampicillin, piperacillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime, cefepime, quinolones (ciprofloxacin, le⁃ vofloxacin), tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Conclusion: In a hospital of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, ESBL-E are predominantly E. coli carrying the single genotype blaCTX-M-14 or blaCTX-M-3 . The blaSHV and blaTEM genes are often coexpressed with blaCTX-M. Empirical therapy should consider the infection site and local genotype prevalence , indicating the need to strengthen genotype surveillance to guide precise antimicrobial use.

Evaluation of the Infant and Child Feeding Index and Analysis of Related Factors among Infants and Tod ⁃ dlers Aged 6-24 Months in Selected Areas of Yunnan Province

Gao Siruo, Dong Haiyan, Peng Min, Sun Xiaomei, Ding Shifen, Qian Yandong, Liu Zhitao,

2026, 11(8):  35-40.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 08. 005

Asbtract ( 0 )   PDF (1370KB) ( 3 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

〔Abstract〕Objective: To analyze the infant and child feeding index (ICFI) and its influencing factors among infants and toddlers aged6-24 months in selected areas of Yunnan Province, and to provide a basis for optimizing nutritional guidance. Methods: Using multi⁃ stage cluster random sampling, infants and toddlers aged 6-24 months were selected from the 2024 Yunnan Province Infant and Tod⁃ dler Food Consumption Survey. Basic information and food consumption patterns were collected via a questionnaire. The ICFI was used to assess feeding status. Between-group comparisons were performed using the chi-square test and analysis of variance , and multivari⁃ ate linear regression analysis was used to identify influencing factors. Results: Among the 390 infants and toddlers, the male-tofemale ratio was 1∶0.94. The ICFI scores of each age group were as follows: 6-8 months (4 .72 ± 2.63), 9-11 months (7 .66 ± 2.08), and12-24 months (10 .05 ± 1.96), with statistically significant differences (F = 191.390, P < 0.05). The ICFI scores in urban areas were higher than those in rural areas (P < 0 .05). The overall ICFI compliance rate among the 390 infants and toddlers was 46.67%, with sta⁃ tistically significant differences in compliance rates across age groups , regions, and per capita annual household income (P<0 .05). Mul⁃ tivariate regression analysis indicated that age group and region were independent predictors of ICFI scores (P<0 .05), with the strongest effect observed in the 12-24-month age group (β = 0.841). Conclusion: Urban-rural disparities exist in the feeding status of infants and toddlers aged 6-24 months in parts of Yunnan Province. Deficiencies in the introduction of complementary foods are particularly pronounced among 6-8-month-olds, and feeding issues are more prominent in rural areas. Complementary feeding guidance should be strengthened for younger infants and toddlers as well as in rural areas to ensure their healthy growth.

Survival Analysis and Nomogram Model Construction in Elderly HIV/AIDS Patients

Yin Xiya, Yu Tingting, Han Dongliang, Wang Hongying, Pu Dong

2026, 11(8):  41-49.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 08. 006

Asbtract ( 0 )   PDF (1856KB) ( 8 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

〔Abstract〕Objective: To analyze the factors influencing all-cause mortality in elderly HIV/AIDS patients and to develop a nomo ⁃ gram for individualized prognosis assessment. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 793 elderly HIV/AIDS patients diag⁃ nosed at the Third People's Hospital of Kunming from 2019 to 2024, with follow-up until October 31, 2025. Survival rates and univari⁃ ate analyses were performed using the life-table method , the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Log-rank test. Multivariable Cox regres⁃ sion was used to identify independent factors and construct a nomogram model , which was internally validated using the C-index, area under the curve (AUC）, and calibration curves. Results: Among 793 HIV/AIDS patients, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year cumulative survival rates were 91.66%, 82.93%, and 76 .45%, respectively, with a loss-to-follow-up rate of 6.56%. Multivariable Cox regression identified sex, age, opportunistic infections, baseline CD4⁺T-cell count, and anemia as independent factors (P < 0 .05). Bootstrap validation of the nomogram showed a C-index of 0.751 (95% CI: 0.714-0.791); the AUCs for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival were 0.803 (95% CI: 0.746-0.854), 0 .752 (95% CI: 0.705-0.799), and 0 .748 (95% CI: 0.697-0.795), respectively, and calibration curves indicated good calibration performance. Conclusion: Advanced age, low baseline CD4⁺T-cell count, male sex, opportunistic infections, and anemia are independent risk factors for all-cause mortality in elderly HIV/AIDS patients. The constructed nomogram demonstrates good dis⁃ crimination and calibration, making it useful for individualized prognosis assessment and providing a reference for improving the qual ⁃ ity of life in elderly HIV/AIDS patients.

Surveillance of Hepatitis C in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture from 2019 to 2023

Zhou Hua, Zhong Xiaoxiao, Chen Yuanyuan, Cao Dongdong

2026, 11(8):  50-54.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 08. 007

Asbtract ( 0 )   PDF (1527KB) ( 5 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

〔Abstract〕Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis C in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture(hereinafter referred to as "Dehong Prefecture") from 2019 to 2023, provide scientific evidence for targeted prevention and control of hepatitis C in border areas, and offer data support for local prevention and control strategy formulation. Methods: Reported confirmed hepatitis C cases submitted by medical institutions from 2019 to 2023 were extracted from the China Disease Prevention and Control In ⁃ formation System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were adopted to analyze the epidemiological features of hepatitis C in Dehong Prefecture. Results: A total of 4 654 hepatitis C cases were reported in Dehong Prefecture between 2019 and 2023, with an average an⁃ nual incidence rate of 70.57 per 100 000 population and an annual declining rate of 6.98%. Confirmed cases accounted for 84.55% of all reported cases (3 935/4 654). The incidence peaks occurred from March to August and in December. Longchuan County had the highest average annual incidence rate (118 .14 per 100 000 population). Cross-border counties, including Ruili and Longchuan, pre⁃ sented higher incidence rates than non-cross-border counties. Demographically, cases were predominantly young and middle-aged residents aged 30-59 years (4 089 cases, 87.86%), males (4 054 cases, 87.11%), and farmers (3 981 cases, 85.54%). Conclusion: The overall incidence of hepatitis C in Dehong Prefecture fluctuated and declined from 2019 to 2023, yet remained higher than the national average. Cross-border counties and middle-aged farmers constitute key populations for prevention and control. It is recommended to scale up screening among cross-border populations and improve grassroots diagnostic and clinical capacity to advance the achievement of the 2030 hepatitis C elimination target.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Hospitalized Cases with Cysticercosis in Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Prov⁃ ince, from 2015 to 2025

Yang Lin

2026, 11(8):  55-59.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 08. 008

Asbtract ( 0 )   PDF (1974KB) ( 1 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

〔Abstract〕Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized cases with cysticercosis in Dali Prefecture , Yun⁃ nan Province, from 2015 to 2025, and to provide a reference for the formulation of local cysticercosis prevention and control strategies and health education programs. Methods: A retrospective collection of hospitalized cysticercosis cases admitted to the Institute of Schistosomiasis Control of Dali Prefecture from January 1, 2015, to July 31, 2025, was conducted. Demographic information, including sex, age, ethnicity, and household registration location, was collected. Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the popula ⁃ tion distribution and geographical distribution characteristics of the cases. Disease-related factors were further explored in combination with local production and lifestyle practices. Results: A total of 5 535 hospitalized cases of cysticercosis were included. Male patients accounted for 67.19% of all cases, while female patients accounted for 32.81%. Patients aged 15-50 years accounted for 57.24% of the cases. The predominant ethnic groups were Bai (54 .00%) and Han (38 .00%). Most cases were from Dali Prefecture (58 .19%), and cases were reported in all 12 counties (cities) within the prefecture. Conclusion: From 2015 to 2025, hospitalized cases of cysticercosis in Dali Prefecture were mainly concentrated among young and middle-aged males , with a relatively high proportion of local residents. The distribution of cases showed certain ethnic and geographical characteristics. Based on local production and lifestyle practices, tradi⁃ tional dietary habits, livestock breeding patterns, and environmental sanitation conditions may be associated with the prevalence of cys ⁃ ticercosis. Further analytical epidemiological studies are required to confirm the relevant risk factors.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Infectious Disease Prevention and Control among Resi ⁃ dents in Ethnic Communities of Yunnan Border Areas: A Qualitative Study

Zhou Ying, Yang Hongli, Li Maosong, He Qilian

2026, 11(8):  60-68.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 08. 009

Asbtract ( 0 )   PDF (1373KB) ( 2 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

〔Abstract〕Objective: To explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding infectious disease prevention and control among residents in ethnic communities of Yunnan border areas, and to provide evidence for culturally appropriate health education and behavioral intervention in border ethnic communities. Methods: A descriptive qualitative design was adopted. Semi-structured inter⁃ views were conducted with 21 residents and key informants from ethnic communities in Yunnan border areas. The interview data were transcribed, checked, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Four themes were identified: local disease explanations coexisted with modern biomedical knowledge; trust in traditional treatment, access to modern healthcare, and perceived disease severity jointly shaped prevention-related beliefs; ethnic interaction customs, border kinship contacts, and daily livelihood practices influenced pre⁃ ventive behaviors; and traditional disease-prevention practices and local cultural authorities could be transformed into public health re ⁃ sources. Conclusion: The KAP regarding infectious disease prevention and control among residents in ethnic communities of Yunnan border areas are shaped by local disease explanations, traditional treatment beliefs, ethnic interaction customs, border kinship contacts, and access to primary healthcare. Culturally appropriate health education, communication in ethnic languages, and the participation of village doctors, elders, and trusted local figures may improve the comprehensibility , acceptability, and behavioral translation of infec⁃ tious disease prevention measures.

Application and Effect Evaluation of the Transtheoretical Model Combined with Electronic Diary in Pulmonary Rehabilitation Training for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

Yang Xuan, Zhou Wenxian, Ma Meng, Wu Kunli, He Qilian

2026, 11(8):  69-76.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 08. 010

Asbtract ( 0 )   PDF (1471KB) ( 1 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

〔Abstract〕Objective: To develop and clinically validate an intervention program for pulmonary rehabilitation training based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) combined with electronic diary, and to explore its effects on lung function in patients with pulmonary tu ⁃ berculosis. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted. Sixty-one pulmonary tuberculosis patients were recruited from the tuberculosis department of a Grade Ⅲ Level A infectious disease specialized hospital in Kunming between November 2024 and April2025. The control group (n=31) received routine care, while the intervention group (n=30) received a pulmonary rehabilitation training intervention based on TTM combined with electronic diary. Lung function indicators, 6-minute walk test results, and the correct rate of disease⁃related knowledge were compared between the two groups at baseline , 1 month, and 3 months after intervention. Results: After intervention, significant time⁃effects were observed for pulmonary function indices (forced expiratory volume in first second（FEV ₁）, forced vital capacity（FVC）, FEV _₁/FVC ratio) in both groups (P＜0.001). Only FEV _₁ showed a significant group⁃effect (P = 0.041), while the interaction effect was significant (P＜0.001). For the 6⁃minute walk test, the time⁃effect, group⁃effect and interaction effect were all significant (P_time, intervention^＜0.001, ^P_group = 0.023). For the correct rate of disease⁃related knowledge, the time⁃effect, group⁃effect and interaction effect were all significant (P_time, intervention^＜0.001, ^P_group = 0.009). Conclusion: The pulmonary rehabilitation training pro⁃ gram based on the TTM combined with electronic diary improved lung function and exercise tolerance in patients with pulmonary tuber ⁃ culosis, and also enhanced their disease knowledge.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Frontiers and Thematic Evolution in Journal of Advanced Nursing

Zhou Haojie, Zhang Qiang, Cheng Yu, Li Ran, Zhao Guifeng

2026, 11(8):  77-83.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 08. 011

Asbtract ( 0 )   PDF (2002KB) ( 4 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

〔Abstract〕Objective: To analyze the publication patterns, national collaboration networks, research hotspots, and thematic evolution of Journal of Advanced Nursing from 2015 to 2024, so as to provide bibliometric evidence for understanding the academic development trends of the journal and targeted references for Chinese nursing researchers to align with the journal's research directions and improve the international publication and academic exchange of research findings. Methods: A retrospective bibliometric analysis was con ⁃ ducted using CiteSpace based on the Web of Science Core Collection. Data on temporal distribution, document type composition, spa⁃ tial distribution, and keyword characteristics of the included publications were systematically analyzed. Results: A total of 4 304 publi⁃ cations were included. The publication trajectory of the journal in the past decade exhibited three stages: initial fluctuation, steady de⁃ velopment, and sustained growth. Countries including the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia dominated the global col⁃ laboration network of the journal, with marked inequalities in regional academic resource distribution. Highly cited papers were concen⁃ trated in the field of methodological tools, reflecting the journal's emphasis on evidence-based standardization. The core research themes centered on nursing, health, and domestic violence, which indicated the journal's attention to relevant social and health issues. Conclusion: The journal emphasizes interdisciplinary development, practical innovation, and evidence translation. Its evolving re⁃ search themes can provide references for studies on elderly care and digital health in China. Nursing researchers in China may draw on its research hotspots and methodological frameworks, focus on practical issues in local nursing practice, and strengthen evidencebased research and interdisciplinary collaboration, so as to improve the publication and academic exchange of domestic nursing achievements in relevant international journals.

Practice of Integrating the PAD Class with Case-Based Teaching in Pharmaceutical Postgraduate Education under the OBE Concept

Lu Jun, Wei Jingchen, Lin Jing, Ma Yuxiang, Zheng Changbo

2026, 11(8):  84-88.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 08. 012

Asbtract ( 0 )   PDF (1351KB) ( 3 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

〔Abstract〕Objective: Based on the outcome-based education (OBE) concept, this study aims to explore a teaching model that en⁃ hances the core competencies of pharmacy postgraduates, such as clinical medication application and scientific research innovation. Methods: A case library related to pharmacy clinical practice and scientific research was constructed. Advanced cases suitable for postgraduate pharmacy education were selected. The presentation-assimilation-discussion (PAD) class combined with case-based teaching was implemented in the "Advanced Pharmacology" course. The teaching effectiveness was evaluated through diversified as ⁃ sessment methods. Results: Advanced cases effectively promoted the teaching reform of postgraduate courses. The overall final scores of the reform class were higher than those of the traditional teaching class , and the students' core competencies were improved. Conclu⁃ sion: Based on the OBE concept, the integration of the PAD class with advanced case teaching facilitates the deep integration of theory , clinical practice, and scientific research. It effectively enhances the training quality of professional postgraduate students in pharmacy and provides references for teaching reform of postgraduate courses.

〔Key words〕outcome-based education concept; master of pharmacy; presentation-assimilation-discussion class ; case-based teach⁃ ing; Advanced Pharmacology

〔Abstract〕Objective: Based on the outcome-based education (OBE) concept, this study aims to explore a teaching model that en⁃ hances the core competencies of pharmacy postgraduates, such as clinical medication application and scientific research innovation. Methods: A case library related to pharmacy clinical practice and scientific research was constructed. Advanced cases suitable for postgraduate pharmacy education were selected. The presentation-assimilation-discussion (PAD) class combined with case-based teaching was implemented in the "Advanced Pharmacology" course. The teaching effectiveness was evaluated through diversified as ⁃ sessment methods. Results: Advanced cases effectively promoted the teaching reform of postgraduate courses. The overall final scores of the reform class were higher than those of the traditional teaching class , and the students' core competencies were improved. Conclu⁃ sion: Based on the OBE concept, the integration of the PAD class with advanced case teaching facilitates the deep integration of theory , clinical practice, and scientific research. It effectively enhances the training quality of professional postgraduate students in pharmacy and provides references for teaching reform of postgraduate courses.




Exploration and Practice on the Postgraduate Course of "Fundamentals of Medical Immunology"

Wu Youcong, Guo Le, Geng Ling, Tian Renrong, Shen Yuanying, Bai Li

2026, 11(8):  89-93.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 08. 013

Asbtract ( 0 )   PDF (1326KB) ( 3 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

〔Abstract〕With the increasingly diverse background of postgraduate students , including junior college students, upgrade students from junior college to university, and those with non-medical bachelor's degrees, the problem of their weak and insufficiently system ⁃ atic background in Medical Immunology has become increasingly prominent , which affects their understanding of advanced immunology and research capabilities during the postgraduate stage. Based on the analysis of students' backgrounds, the curriculum was developed through restructuring the syllabus, refining teaching content, reforming teaching methods, and optimizing assessment approaches, and implemented in the batch of 2023—2025. The practice has shown that the students' average scores have improved by 3 to 8 points, and pass rates increased by 7 to 14 percentage points compared with those in the batch of 2022 (before the teaching reform), and the students are highly satisfied with the curriculum. Under diverse sources of postgraduate students, teaching reform emphasizing basic theories and systematic knowledge construction can effectively bridge the gap in students' knowledge background , significantly im⁃ prove teaching outcomes and research capabilities at the entry level.

Application of the OBE Concept Integrated with the BOPPPS Model in the Teaching of "Obstetrics and Gynecology"

Fan Jing, Xiao Chengwei

2026, 11(8):  94-100.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 /j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 08. 014

Asbtract ( 0 )   PDF (1367KB) ( 0 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

〔Abstract〕To investigate the application effects of the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) concept integrated with the BOPPPS teach⁃ ing model in the clinical teaching of "Obstetrics and Gynecology". Sixty undergraduate students were enrolled as study participants. The experimental group received a blended teaching approach based on the integration of the OBE concept and the BOPPPS teaching model, whereas the control group received the traditional teaching model. After completion of the teaching process, the differences in teaching outcomes between the two groups were compared using multiple dimensions. The results showed that the experimental group achieved significantly higher scores than the control group in all assessment indicators of the end-of-course examination , selfevaluation of learning outcomes, comprehensive quality assessment, and teaching satisfaction (P < 0.05). The integration of the OBE concept with the BOPPPS model significantly improves the teaching effectiveness of "Obstetrics and Gynecology" courses and provides a reference for reforming clinical medical education.