大理大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (6): 1-.

• •    下一篇

论苍山洱海科学考察历史

胡小康1,2,3,4,5,王 弢1,2,3,4,5,杨力权1,2,3,4,5   

  1. 1.大理大学农学与生物科学学院,云南大理 671003; 2.苍山洱海一体化保护与流域绿色发展云南省
    高校协同创新中心,云南大理 671003; 3. 苍山森林生态系统云南省野外科学观测研究站,
    云南大理 671003; 4.洱海流域农业生态云南省教育厅重点实验室,
    云南大理 671003; 5.大理大学生物科学馆,云南大理 671003
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-15 修回日期:2024-01-28 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2024-06-25
  • 作者简介:胡小康,副教授,博士,主要从事生态学研究,E-mail:huxiaokangliu@pku.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    云南省科学技术厅项目(202305AM070003);苍山洱海国家级自然保护区管理局项目(dlzb2020-14;dlzb
    2020-61);国家自然科学基金项目(42263012)

On the History of the Scientific Expedition for Cangshan Mountain and Erhai Lake

Hu Xiaokang1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Wang Tao1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Yang Liquan1, 2, 3, 4, 5   

  1. 1. College of Agriculture and Biology Science, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China; 2. Co-Innovation Center for Cangshan
    Mountain and Erhai Lake Integrated Protection and Green Development of Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China;3. Cangshan Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China;4. Key Laboratory for Agroecology in Erhai Lake Watershed of the Department of Education of Yunnan Province,Dali, Yunnan 671003, China; 5. Bioscience Museum, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China
  • Received:2024-01-15 Revised:2024-01-28 Online:2024-06-15 Published:2024-06-25

摘要: 摘要] 目的:梳理苍山洱海科学考察的历史工作,刻画苍山洱海科学考察的历史脉络,总结苍山洱海科学考察的历史成就,提  
出未来科学考察的工作建议。方法:通过查阅文献资料,以生物科学考察历程为主线,根据近代以来中国社会的发展进程特征  
将苍山洱海科学考察历史划分为不同阶段,论述各阶段的考察工作和主要成就。结果:苍山洱海地区现代意义的科学考察于1882 年由以德拉韦为代表的西方人所开启。1919 年钟观光进入苍山采集标本,开中国人考察苍山洱海之先河。迄今,该地区的科学考察经历了4 个主要发展阶段:新中国成立以前的早期阶段(1949 年以前) 、新中国初期(1949—1977 年) 、改革开放前20 年(1978—2000 年) 、近20 年(2001 年至今) 。经过140 余年科学考察的成果积累,对苍山洱海的植物、大型真菌及部分动物  
类群( 兽类、鸟类、鱼、部分昆虫) 的物种资源及其分布特征已有较为系统的了解,对该区域的自然地理、地质、生态环境资源等  
亦有较为全面的认知。以福里斯特为代表的植物猎人从该地区带走大量植物种质资源到欧美,极大地促进了西方国家园艺和  
园林学科及其产业的发展。结论:苍山洱海科学考察的历史绵长、内容丰富,为中国所罕见,对近现代生物学,特别是植物学的  
发展作出了重要贡献。今后须针对人类强烈活动和全球变化背景下的生物多样性和生态环境保护与恢复、人类社会可持续发  
展等重大问题,进一步强化生物学、生态学、环境科学等方面的研究,促进科学进步;统筹结合国家级自然保护区管理的工作要  
求和资源开发利用的社会需求开展技术应用实践,助力苍山洱海更好地服务区域经济社会发展。  


关键词: 苍山, 洱海, 植物猎人, 植物探险家, 科学考察, 科学史

Abstract: Objective: To sort out the works in history, describe the historical process, and summarize the historical achievements of
the scientific expedition for Cangshan mountain and Erhai lake, and put forward suggestions for future scientific expedition. Methods:Based on retrieving and investigating literature and taking the history of biological science expedition as the main line of discourse, the history of scientific expedition for Cangshan mountain and Erhai lake was divided into different stages according to the characteristics of the development process of Chinese society since modern times, and the specific works and main achievements of each stage were elaborated. Results: The modern scientific expedition for Cangshan mountain and Erhai lake region was initiated in 1882 by Westerners represented by Père Jean Marie Delavay. In 1919, Zhong Guanguang( also known as Tsoong Kuan-Kwang) came to Cangshan mountain and collected specimens, which was the first time for Chinese to investigate Cangshan mountain and Erhai lake. So far, the scientific expedition in this region has gone through four main development stages, i.e., the initial stage before the founding of the People′s Republic of China (before 1949), the early period of the People′s Republic of China (1949-1977), the first 20 years of reform and opening up( 1978-2000), and the latest 20 years( 2001 to present). After more than 140 years of accumulation of scientific expedition, we have a systematic understanding of the species resources and its distributions of plants, macrofungi and some animal groups (i.e., mammals, birds, fish, and some insects) of the Cangshan mountain and Erhai lake, as well as a comprehensive understanding of the physical geography, geology, and ecological environment resources in this region. The plant hunters represented by George Forrest had brought back many plant germplasm resources from this region to Europe and the United States, which greatly promoted the development of horticulture and landscape architecture and the associated industry in Western countries. Conclusion: The scientific expedition for Cangshan mountain and Erhai lake has a long history and rich contents, which is rare in China, and had made significant contributions to
the development of modern biology, especially botany. In the future, it is necessary to further strengthen investigations in biology, ecology, and environmental science, which aimed at answering important questions, and thus promote the progress of science. For instance, the protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecological environmental, and the sustainable development of human society in the context of intensive human activities and global change. Furthermore, to coordinate the requirements of the management of national nature reserves and the social needs of the application of technology for resource exploitation and utilization, thereby making Cangshan mountain and Erhai lake better serve the development of regional economy and society.

Key words: Cangshan mountain, Erhai lake, plant hunter, plant explorer, scientific expedition, history of science

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