大理大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (6): 103-.

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洱海水鸟多样性及种群时空格局

毛锦斌1,2,武思博1,2,奚满松3,李 航3,周 俊1,2,4*   

  1. 1.大理大学农学与生物科学学院,云南大理 671003; 2.苍山洱海一体化保护与流域绿色发展云南省高校协同创新中心,云南大理 671003; 3.大理州洱海湖泊研究院,云南大理 671013;4.大理大学生物科学馆,云南大理 671003
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-09 修回日期:2024-01-13 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2024-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 周俊,副教授,E-mail:junz2003@126.com。
  • 作者简介:毛锦斌,硕士研究生,主要从事高原湖泊结构和功能调控研究。
  • 基金资助:
    大理白族自治州洱海管理局项目(KY2126120840);苍山洱海国家级自然保护区管理局项目(dlzb2020-14;dlzb2020-61);云南省长江水生态环境保护研究任务(2022-LHYJ-02-0511-03);云南洱海湖泊生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站种子课题(2022ZZ05)

Diversity and Population Spatiotemporal Pattern of Waterfowl in Erhai Lake

Mao Jinbin1, 2, Wu Sibo1, 2, Xi Mansong3, Li Hang3, Zhou Jun1, 2, 4*   

  1. 1. College of Agriculture and Biology Science, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China; 2. Co-Innovation Center for Cangshan Mountain and Erhai Lake Integrated Protection and Green Development of Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China;3. Erhai Lake Research Institute of Dali Prefecture, Dali, Yunnan 671013, China;4. Bioscience Museum, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China
  • Received:2023-10-09 Revised:2024-01-13 Online:2024-06-15 Published:2024-06-25

摘要: 为了全面掌握洱海水鸟资源现状,2021年3月—2022年2月开展洱海水鸟调查。共记录到9目13科67种,其中古北种40种,广布种17种,东洋种10种;冬候鸟占比59.70%,留鸟占比13.43%,过境鸟占比13.43%,夏候鸟占比11.94%,迷鸟占比1.50%。2021年12月全湖最高记录到86 000多只水鸟,其中骨顶鸡约64 000只。洱海南部、西部和北部水鸟种类和数量居多,东部相对较少。全年记录到国家Ⅰ类保护水鸟3种,国家Ⅱ类保护水鸟7种,洱海水鸟多样性稳定向好转变。

关键词: 洱海, 水鸟多样性, 优势种, 水鸟生态功能, 保护建议

Abstract: In order to know status quo of waterfowl resource in Erhai lake, investigation of waterfowl resource was carried out from March, 2021 to February, 2022. Results showed 67 species of waterfowl belonging to 13 families and 9 orders were recorded, there were
40 kinds of Palaearctic species, 17 kinds of Widespread species and 10 kinds of Oriental species. Winter migratory birds accounted for 59.70%, resident birds accounted for 13.43%, transit birds accounted for 13.43%, summer migratory birds accounted for 11.94% and straggler birds accounted for 1.50%. The highest recorded number of waterfowl in the entire lake was over 86 000, including approximately 64 000 Fulica atra. More species and quantity in the south, west and north of Erhai lake were recorded, but those of that were less recorded in the east of Erhai lake. 3 species of national Class I protected birds and 7 species of national Class Ⅱ protected birds were recorded. The diversity of waterfowl in Erhai lake was steadily changing for the better.

Key words: Erhai lake, waterfowl diversity, dominant species, ecological function of waterfowl, conservation suggestions

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