关键词: 洱海, 鱼类, 外来种, 土著种

Abstract: The historical fauna changes and current situation of fish in Erhai lake was analyzed by reviewing the literature about Erhai fish since the 1950s, and combining the field sampling surveys and the visiting surveys in 2022. There were 54 species of fish recorded in the Erhai lake, belonging to 7 orders, 14 families and 31 genera, including 20 species of indigenous fish, 9 species of endemic indigenous species and 1 species of national second-class protected animal（ Schizothorax taliensis） by 2022. A total of 23 species of fish were found in the 2022 Erhai lake fish survey, belonging to 4 orders and 9 families, including Cyprinidae accounting for 60.87% of the total number of fish species, other fish accounted for 39.13%, including Cobitidae, Eleotridae, Gobiieae, Channidae, Salangidae, Osmeridae, Bagridae, and Siluridae. Rhinogobius giurinus, Hemiculter leucisculus, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and Hypomesus nipponensis were the dominant species in Erhai lake. The survey found Carassius auratus red var to be a newly recorded species in the Erhai Lake. The composition of the fish community in the Erhai lake showed a significant decrease in the number of indigenous species, a gradual increase in the number of invasive species and their dominance, with economic fish and small fish as the current dominant species.

Key words: Erhai lake, fish, invasive species, indigenous species