大理大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (6): 59-.

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苍山大型真菌多样性

苏锡钧1,2,3,4,何 俊1,5,牛开阳1,2,韩 林1,2,张正权1,2,罗宗龙1,2,3,4,杨力权1,2,3, 4*   

  1. 1.大理大学农学与生物科学学院,云南大理 671003; 2.苍山洱海一体化保护与流域绿色发展云南省高校协同创新中心,云南大理 671003; 3. 苍山森林生态系统云南省野外科学观测研究站,云南大理 671003;4.大理大学生物科学馆,云南大理 671003; 5.滇西科技师范学院生物技术与工程学院,云南临沧 677000
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-09 修回日期:2023-10-24 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2024-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 杨力权,教授,博士,E-mail:ylqbioinfo@163.com。
  • 作者简介:苏锡钧,高级实验师,主要从事菌物多样性研究。
  • 基金资助:
    云南省科学技术厅项目(202305AM070003);苍山洱海国家级自然保护区管理局项目(dlzb2020-14;dlzb2020-61)

Diversity of Macrofungi in Cangshan Mountain

Su Xijun1, 2, 3, 4, He Jun1, 5, Niu Kaiyang1, 2, Han Lin1, 2, Zhang Zhengquan1, 2, Luo Zonglong1, 2, 3, 4, Yang Liquan 1, 2, 3, 4*   

  1. 1. College of Agriculture and Biology Science, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China; 2. Co-Innovation Center for Cangshan
    Mountain and Erhai Lake Integrated Protection and Green Development of Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China;
    3.Cangshan Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China;4. Bioscience Museum, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China; 5. College of Biotechnology and Engineering,West Yunnan University, Lincang, Yunnan 677000, China
  • Received:2023-10-09 Revised:2023-10-24 Online:2024-06-15 Published:2024-06-25

摘要: 目的:调查苍山大型真菌物种资源,初步讨论苍山不同海拔、不同植被类型与大型真菌多样性之间的关系,提出合理保护与利用的建议。方法:采用随机踏查、样线调查的方法,以经典分类学为基础,结合分子生物学的方法对采集到的标本进行鉴定,分析区域内物种组成和分布特征。结果:本次科学考察共采集苍山大型真菌标本2 490份,鉴定出大型真菌400种,隶属于6纲18目59科147属,包括1个新物种——苏氏地星Geastrum suae;物种数≥10的优势科有9个,占已知科的15.25%,牛肝菌科Boletaceae 54种、红菇科Russulaceae 51种、鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 33种、伞菌科Agaricaceae 29种、丝盖伞科 Inocybaceae 15种、丝膜菌科Cortinariaceae 14种、马勃科Lycoperdaceae 13种、膨瑚菌科Physalacriaceae 13种及蜡伞科 Hygrophoraceae 11种,共计233种,占总物种数的58.25%;物种数≥10的优势属有6个,占已知属数的 4.08%,红菇属Russula 30种、鹅膏菌属Amanita 30种 、乳菇属Lactarius 19种、牛肝菌属Boletus 16种、蘑菇属Agaricus 12种及丝盖伞属Inocybe 11种,共计118种,占总物种数的29.50%;苍山共有食用菌 187 种、药用菌56种,毒菌83 种,食毒不明的124种,可栽培大型真菌28种;苍山大型真菌物种分布在海拔上符合典型的单峰分布格局,随着海拔的上升,物种数量呈现出先增加后减少的分布格局;苍山大型真菌物种在阔叶林中更为丰富,针阔叶混交林次之,针叶林中大型真菌种类最少。结论:苍山大型真菌资源较为丰富,具有较好的开发利用价值和科研价值,需有效保护,科学合理地利用苍山大型真菌资源。

关键词: 大型真菌, 物种多样性, 种质资源, 苍山

Abstract: Objective: In order to investigate the macrofungal species resources in Cangshan mountain, to discuss the relationship between different elevations, vegetation types and macrofungal diversity, and propose suggestions for reasonable protection and
utilization. Methods: The collected samples were analyzed by random sampling and line transect investigations, and identified based on the morphological characteristics and molecular sequence data. Subsequently, the species composition and geographical fauna characteristics were figured out. Results: 2 490 specimens of macrofungi were collected in Cangshan mountain, a total of 400 species were identified, belonging to 147 genera, 59 families, 18 orders, and 6 classes, including one new species Geastrum suae. There were 9 predominant families (with species number ≥10), 15.25% of the known families, including Boletaceae 54 species, Russulaceae 51 species, Amanitaceae 33 species, Agaricaceae 29 species, Inocybaceae 15 species, Cortinariaceae 14 species, Lycoperdaceae 13 species, Physalacriaceae 13 species and Hygrophoraceae 11 species, 233 species in total, accounted for 58.25% of the total species. There were 6 dominant genera (with species number ≥10), accounted for 4.08% of the known genera, namely Russula 30 species,Amanita 30 species, Lactarius 19 species, Boletus16 species, Agaricus12 species, Inocybe 11 species, 118 species, accounted for 29.50% of the total species. The evaluation of macrofungal resources revealed that 187 species are edible, 56 have medicinal properties, 83 are poisonous, 124 remain unidentified as edible or toxins, and 28 are domesticated. The distribution of macrofungal species in Cangshan mountain follows a typical single-peak distribution pattern, and the number of species climb up and then decline with the increase of altitude. In Cangshan mountain, macrofungi species were most abundant in broad-leaved forests, followed by coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests, and the least abundant in coniferous forests. Besides, a small number of macrofungi were found under shrubs, in natural or artificial grasslands, and in cultivated areas. Conclusion: The resources of macrofungi in Cangshan mountain are abundant and hold significant potential for development, utilization, and scientific research. It is necessary to effectively protect and scientifically and rationally utilize the macrofungal resources in Cangshan mountain.

Key words: macrofungi, species diversity, germplasm resources, Cangshan mountain

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