Abstract: Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration biopsy （FNAB） cytology and intraoperative rapid
frozen section histopathology in thyroid nodules. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical pathological data of 180
patients with thyroid nodules treated at Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital from April 2021 to April 2023. The accuracy, sensitivity,
and specificity of FNAB cytology and intraoperative rapid frozen section histopathology were compared and analyzed. Results: FNAB
cytology diagnosed 52 cases of benign lesions and 128 cases of malignant lesions, with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of
92.2%, 91.1%, and 95.6%, respectively. Intraoperative rapid frozen section histopathology diagnosed 55 cases of benign lesions and
125 cases of malignant lesions, with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 91.1%, 88.9%, and 97.8%, respectively. There was no
statistically significant difference between the two diagnostic methods （P>0.05）. Conclusion: FNAB cytology is characterized by
simple operation, high accuracy, and a high specimen acquisition rate. Intraoperative rapid frozen section has the advantages of high
efficiency and clear margin localization. The two methods mutually confirm and complement each other, providing important clinical
value in the diagnosis of the nature of thyroid nodules.

Key words: thyroid nodules, fine needle aspiration biopsy, rapid frozen section, histopathological examination