关键词: 北朝, 歌诗, 民歌, 谣谚, 文人歌诗, 口头传播, 音乐传播, 文本传播

Abstract: The songs and poems written whether in “Lu language” or Chinese by people in the North Dynasties are disseminated among people without accompaniment，which is convenient and more suitable for common people. In temples，they are disseminated with music accompaniment. Except for dissemination without accompanies or with accompanies，oral chants are also one of the ways of dissemination，which，compared with dissemination of songs without accompanies，has simpler process and is more direct，and is suitable for people with different cultural backgrounds to share and pass orally. Especially in the North Dynasties，oral dissemination without other media is convenient and fast. Besides，these poems and songs are also disseminated though texts in two different ways: one is the poetry and songs collected by official musical institute，which is the standard singing script; the other is the sylloge or anthology collected by scholars.

Key words: North Dynasties, songs and poem, ballad, folk songs and proverbs, songs and poems composed by scholars, oral dissemination, musical dissemination, text dissemination