Abstract: The development and utilization of oil resources is an important part of Chinese industrialization. In the late Qing dynasty, along with the western colonial invasion, oil product and technology were introduced into China. Local reservoirs in Taiwan, Sichuan and other places were successively taken by force or by contracts. Foreign oil from the United States, Russia and other countries continued to impact the traditional fuel market, and the conflicts between the national rights and benefits became sharpened. Influenced by the trade war and boycott of foreign imports, social attitudes to foreign products evolved from consumption in the beginning to resist, and industry attitudes evolved from losing and protect profits to starting independent production. And the emergence firefighting company and fire insurance company further changed people's understanding of the new energy. The launch of the official Yanchang oil factory displayed that the attitude of the state and society in Late Qing towards the source of interest were gradually becoming more sensible.

Key words: the late Qing dynasty, oilfield, foreign office, Chinese office, the benefits and rights of oilfield