Abstract: Gramsci created a new theory about European revolution， the theory of cultural hegemony， based on his reflections on the reasons for the failure of European revolution and summarizing practice of the proletariat revolution. Around this theory， Gramsci put forward a new revolutionary strategy， emphasizing the role of organic intellectuals， highlighting the leading role of the proletarian political party. The theory promotes the transformation of Marxist cultural theory and political interpretation framework， which is the inheritance and development of Marxist theory. Gramsci's theory of cultural hegemony may give a revelation and reference to us in dealing with important issues on ideological work of the Communist Party of China in the new era when the ideological work of the Party is faced with the threat of capitalist ideology and bourgeois ideology: reinforcing Marxism's guiding position in the ideological field， consolidating party member's ideals and beliefs， building ideological battlefield， enhancing the leading role of the Communist Party in the ideological work.

Key words: Gramsci, cultural hegemony, civil society, organic intellectuals, ideology work