Abstract: Professional judge conferences have an active role in improving judges'ability to handle cases，reducing professional risks，unifying the standard of judges，and summarizing trial experience. However，due to the immature operation mechanism of the current professional judge conference，the formalization tendency，the relatively strong administrative color and inadequate understanding of the significance of meetings by leaders of the courts at all levels and judges handling the case，the professional judge conference system failed to play the role intended by the top-level design of judicial reform. The fundamental path to the perfection of the professional judge conference system lies in improving the legal status of the professional judge conference， optimizing the system construction and accurate the positioning of the professional judge conference， implementing the rules of opinion exchange and debate in the professional judges meeting， clarifying the scope of the professional judges meeting discussion， and ensuring scientific and standardized meetings through Internet and information technologies. The reform of and perfection of the professional judge conference system will contribute to the implementation of the judicial concept of“ let the adjudicator judges and the judge takes responsibility” .

Key words: judicial responsibility system, professional judge conference, adjudication committee, judgement guidance, principle of debate