Abstract: Women play an important and distinct role in both family life and social life. Women are keys to the continuation and inheritance of civilization, as well as the proponent of social development. Poverty alleviation through rural women's livelihood ability has great strategic meaning and feasibility analysis, gender bonus theory and female empowerment theory can function as the theoretical foundation in such efforts. However, poverty alleviation through women's livelihood ability is facing multi-dimensional restrictions such as gender inequality within families,gender difference in educational level and social exclusion in public space. Therefore, improving rural women's livelihood ability is not only the core of women development but also the key to poverty alleviation and to rural revitalization.

Key words: women's livelihood, poverty alleviation, empowerment, targeted poverty alleviation