Abstract: Socialism:Utopian and Scientific, the revised version of Engels' polemical academic work Anti-Dühring, aims to promote and popularize the theory of scientific socialism. An adaption of a polemical academic work that popularizes socialist theories to the masses, it provides a theoretical weapon for the world proletariat to distinguish scientific socialist theory from other socialist thoughts. It was introduced to China by different social groups for different purposes, and there existed problems of misunderstanding and incompleteness in its translation, but the introduction and dissemination satisfied the needs of Chinese intellectuals to understand the theory of scientific socialism at the time when it was urgent to save the nation from subjugation and to strive for national survival. The historical materialism and scientific socialism thoughts it explained provided Chinese people a preliminary understanding of the theory of scientific socialism, making it possible for more people to access Marxism and finally the right route to save the people and the nation.

Key words: Socialism:Utopian and Scientific, scientific socialism, historical materialism, the basic contradiction of capitalism, socialist revolution