Abstract: From December 1922 to March 1923, while recovering from an illness, Lenin dictated the last three letters and five articles in his life, which are known as ${Lenin's}$ ${Testament}$. In these letters and articles, Lenin made reflections on the Russian Revolution and construction and further on the cultural issues in the construction of socialism in Russia and put forward many thoughts that had an important influence later. These thoughts include how to solve the predicament of Russian cultural development, how to improve the cultural literacy of government agency staff, and how to vigorously develop primary national education, and strengthen rural cultural construction, etc., reflecting Lenin's care and worry about cultural issues in his later years. Looked back at ${Lenin's}$ ${Testament}$ a hundred years later, the cultural construction thoughts therein still have very important significance for the continuous promotion of cultural construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

Key words: Lenin, ${Lenin's}$ ${Testament}$, socialism, the idea of culture construction, contemporary revelation