Abstract: The elderly in especially difficult circumstances are the weakest among socially vulnerable groups. This paper’s summary of the current research findings from academic and practical workrelated government departments mainly includes the following aspects: the definition of the concept，the number of the destitute elderly，basic characteristics and living conditions, cause analysis，the significance of poverty relief and measures，and problems in rescue practice. Based on the summary，the author finally points out the existing shortcomings of all the researches and future directions for further study.

Key words: the destitute elderly, aging of population, social assistance, new mode of oldage support, modern concept of oldage support