Abstract: China's land dividend is a special dividend form created by economic and policy dividend, and the public interest attribute of land dividend is the inherent requirement of social fairness and justice. China's land dividend originates from a series of institutional arrangements based on public ownership of land. Factors like urbanization and industrialization, land use control, land location advantages have pushed up land prices and laid a solid foundation for the public interest attribute of land dividend. In order to safeguard the public interest attribute of land dividend, the state includes it into public finance, and realizes the sharing of land income by the people by standardizing the revenue and expenditure of public finance, so as to prevent the land dividend from being monopolized by a few people. By perfecting relevant system, the state improves the taxation system of land income and scientifically defines the tax base and tax amount related to real estate development; the state also improves the land expropriation system to ensure that the purpose, procedure and income of land expropriation are legal and in line with public welfare, and realize the sharing of land dividends by promoting the fair distribution of land dividends between urban and rural areas, and coordinating the relationship between public interests and personal interests.

Key words: public interest, land dividend, land finance, sharing development, shared by all the people