Abstract: Science and technology and capital， the two forces for the development of capitalist society， gradually converge through technology capitalizationwhen driving capitalism from the stage of free competition to the stage of international monopoly.In terms of the subject， this evolution is mainly manifested by the expansion of individual capital to private equity capital to national capital and then to international capital. In terms of mode， it mainly refers to the transformation from invention workshop to industrial research laboratory and then to science and technology strategic alliance. In terms of path， it is mainly manifested as the capitalization of scientific and technological artifacts， the capitalization of scientific and technological knowledge， the capitalization of patent rights and the capitalization of intellectual property. Exploring the internal logic of this process can not only deepen the understanding of the alienation of science and technology， but also provide a mirror for science to guide the capital to serve the self-reliantdevelopment of science and technology.

Key words: capitalism, science and technology, capital, capitalization of science and technology, alienation of science and technology