海上轻质油藏水驱渗流阻力特征研究

doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2019.02.27.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 轻质油藏注水井常存在井口压力不断升高的现象，酸化、微压裂等常规措施并不能有效降低井口压力。为进一步探究注入压力过高的原因，以流管模型为基础，依据水电相似原理，开展井间渗流阻力变化规律研究。结合达西定律推导了渗流阻力表达式：渗流阻力与储层形状和总流度有关。而非活塞驱替过程的总流度变化通常分为两种：单调增加（中、高黏），先减小后增加（低黏）。原油黏度较小时，总流度会呈现减小的趋势，渗流阻力随之增加，导致注入压力升高，此时表现在注水井井口压力不断升高，即发生了“伪堵塞”，严重制约油田注水。通过对渤海南部区域不同油田注采井间渗流阻力的计算，得到了能够反应渗流阻力变化规律的无因次阻力系数图版，图版展示了“伪堵塞”可能发生的含水阶段，能够有效指导注水井的治理。结合KL油田群的治理实践，当注水井发生“伪堵塞”时，可采取以下措施：（1）对高破裂压力、低裂缝发育的油藏，实施提压增注；（2）对低破裂压力、高断裂程度的油藏，采取层内生气调驱；（3）对超低原油黏度、埋藏深的油藏，可考虑气驱开发；（3）对多层合采开发油藏，应优先解决纵向水驱矛盾。

关键词: 伪堵塞, 达西定律, 总流度, 非活塞驱, 层内生气

Abstract: In the water injection wells of light oil reservoirs, the wellhead pressure is constantly rising. Conventional measures such as acidification and microfracture cannot effectively reduce wellhead pressure. To explore the causes of injection pressure increases further, the law of variation in percolation resistance among wells is studied based on the flow tube and the principle of hydropower similarity. An expression of percolation resistance is derived by applying Darcy's Law. Percolation resistance is related to the shape of the reservoir and the total fluidity. The total fluidity change of the non-piston displacement process is usually divided into two types:monotonous increase (medium and high viscosity) and initial reduction followed by a slight increase (low stickiness). When the viscosity of crude oil is low, the total fluidity decreases, and the percolation resistance increases, resulting in increased injection pressure. In such circumstances, the wellhead pressure of the water injection well is increasing, and "pseudo-blocking" occurs, which substantially restricts the water injection. Through calculating the percolation resistance between injection and production wells in different oilfields of the southern Bohai Sea, a graph of the dimensionless resistance coefficient that reflects the law of variation in percolation resistance is obtained. The graph depicts the possible waterbearing stage of pseudo-blocking, which can effectively guide the management of the injection well. Combining this analysis with the treatment practice of the KL oilfield group, the following measures can be taken when pseudo-blocking occurs in the injection well:(1) Increase pressure and water injection for high fracture pressure and low fracture reservoirs. (2) Control the profile and oil displacement for low fracture pressure and high fracture reservoirs. (3) Develop gas drive systems for ultra-low crude oil viscosity and deeply buried reservoirs. (4) Give the vertical water drive contradiction priority for multilayer comingled mining development reservoirs.

Key words: pseudo-blocking, Darcy's Law, total fluidity, non-piston drive, in-situ gas generation

中图分类号:

TE53

陈晓明, 刘英宪, 吴穹螈, 刘超, 赵汉卿. 海上轻质油藏水驱渗流阻力特征研究[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 42(1): 101-110.

CHEN Xiaoming, LIU Yingxian, WU Qiongyuan, LIU Chao, ZHAO Hanqing. Percolation Resistance Characteristics of Water Drive in Offshore Light Oil Reservoirs[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 42(1): 101-110.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: http://journal15.magtechjournal.com/Jwk_xnzk/CN/10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2019.02.27.02

http://journal15.magtechjournal.com/Jwk_xnzk/CN/Y2020/V42/I1/101

参考文献

[1] 李海涛,王永清,蒋建勋. 悬浮颗粒对砂岩储层吸水能力影响评价[J]. 西南石油学院学报,2006,28(5):47-49. doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.2006.05.013 LI Haitao, WANG Yongqing, JIANG Jianxun. Evaluation of formation damage induced by suspended particles during water injecting[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute, 2006, 28(5):47-49. doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.2006.05.013
[2] 王凤琴,廖红伟,蒋峰华,等. 低渗油田注水能力下降原因分析及其对策研究[J]. 西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,24(1):52-55. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673064X.2009.01.013 WANG Fengqin, LIAO Hongwei, JIANG Fenghua, et al. Causes and countermeasures for the descend of the water injection capacity of low permeability reservoirs[J]. Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition), 2009, 24(1):52-55. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673064X.2009.01.013
[3] 王敬瑶,马德胜,李军. 低渗透油藏超前注水开发井网适应性分析[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,33(2):125-128. doi:10.3863/j.issn.16745086.2011.02.021 WANG Jingyao, MA Desheng, LI Jun. Analysis of adaptability of well network to advanced water injection in low permeable reservoir[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition), 2011, 33(2):125-128. doi:10.3863/j.issn.16745086.2011.02.021
[4] 张本艳,张继超,涂文利. 胜利油田注水现状及对储集层的影响[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2007,34(3):364-368. doi:10.3321/j.issn:10000747.2007.03.017 ZHANG Benyan, ZHANG Jichao, TU Wenli. Current situation of water injection and its influence on reservoirs in Shengli Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2007, 34(3):364-368. doi:10.3321/j.issn:10000747.2007.03.017
[5] 李海涛,王永清,谭灿. 砂岩储层清水和污水混注对储层损害的实验评价[J]. 石油学报,2007,28(2):137-139. doi:10.3321/j.issn:02532697.2007.02.029 LI Haitao, WANG Yongqing, TAN Can. Experimental evaluation on formation damage caused by re-injection of mixture of fresh water and produced water in sandstone reservoir[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2007, 28(2):137-139. doi:10.3321/j.issn:02532697.2007.02.029
[6] 高建崇,刘义刚,周法元,等. 渤海锦州9-3油田注水水质指标优化研究[J]. 石油钻采工艺,2012,34(S1):104-106. doi:10.3969/j.issn.10007393.2012.z1.033 GAO Jianchong, LIU Yigang, ZHOU Fayuan, et al. Optimization of quality index for injected water in JZ9-3 Oilfield[J]. Oil Drilling & Production Technology, 2012, 34(S1):104-106. doi:10.3969/j.issn.10007393.2012.z1.033
[7] 申健,周文胜,潘岳,等. 渤海油田吸水能力影响因素与采出程度预测图版[J]. 特种油气藏,2018,25(3):113-116. doi:10.3969/j.issn.10066535.2018.03.022 SHEN Jian, ZHOU Wensheng, PAN Yue, et al. Influencing factors of water intake and recovery degree forecast chart in Bohai Oilfield[J]. Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs, 2018, 25(3):113-116. doi:10.3969/j.issn.10066535.2018.03.022
[8] 张旭东,陈科,何伟,等. 渤海西部海域某区块油田注水过程储层伤害机理[J]. 中国石油勘探,2016,21(4):121-126. doi:10.3969/j.issn.16727703.2016.04.0014 ZHANG Xudong, CHEN Ke, HE Wei, et al. Reservoir damage mechanism during water flooding of oilfield in a block, western Bohai Sea[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2016, 21(4):121-126. doi:10.3969/j.issn.16727703.2016.04.0014
[9] 杜庆龙. 长期注水开发砂岩油田储层渗透率变化规律及微观机理[J]. 石油学报,2016,37(9):1159-1164. doi:10.7623/syxb201609010 DU Qinglong. Variation law and microscopic mechanism of permeability in sandstone reservoir during long-term water flooding development[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016, 37(9):1159-1164. doi:10.7623/syxb201609010
[10] 孙林,孟向丽,蒋林宏,等. 渤海油田注水井酸化低效对策研究[J]. 特种油气藏,2016,23(3):144-147. doi:10.3969/j.issn.10066535.2016.03.035 SUN Lin, MENG Xiangli, JIANG Linhong, et al. Countermeasures of inefficient acidification in water injection wells of Bohai Oilfield[J]. Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs, 2016, 23(3):144-147. doi:10.3969/j.issn.10066535.2016.03.035
[11] 徐锋,吴向红,马凯,等. 注水温度对高凝油油藏水驱油效率模拟研究[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(1):113-118. doi:10.11885/j.issn.16745086.2013.12.02.08 XU Feng, WU Xianghong, MA Kai, et al. A study on temperature effect of water displacement efficiency in highpour point oil reservoir[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition), 2016, 38(1):113-118. doi:10.11885/j.issn.16745086.2013.12.02.08
[12] 卢大艳,孟祥海,吴威,等. 渤海注聚油田堵塞井堵塞机理分析及复合解堵工艺设计[J]. 中国海上油气,2016,28(5):98-103. doi:10.11935/j.issn.16731506.2016.05.016 LU Dayan, MENG Xianghai, WU Wei, et al. Analysis on the plugging mechanism and the removal technology for polymer flooding blocks in Bohai Sea[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2016, 28(5):98-103. doi:10.11935/j.issn.16731506.2016.05.016
[13] 付莹. 基于流管法平-直联合开发井网水平井开发规律研究[D]. 大庆:东北石油大学,2016. doi:cnki:cdmd:2.1016.220619 FU Ying. Research on horizontal well development law of horizontal-vertical well pattern based on stream-tube method[D]. Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University, 2016. doi:cnki:cdmd:2.1016.220619
[14] 张建国,杜殿发,侯健,等. 油气层渗流力学[M]. 2版. 北京:中国石油大学出版社,2009. ZHANG Jianguo, DU Dianfa, HOU Jian, et al. Percolation mechanics of oil and gas layers[M]. 2^th Edition. Beijing:China University of Petroleum Press, 2009.
[15] 张宏友,邓琪,牟春荣,等. 水驱砂岩油藏理论含水上升率计算新方法——对分流量方程法的校正[J]. 中国海上油气,2015,27(3):79-83. doi:10.11935/j.issn.16731506.2015.03.012 ZHANG Hongyou, DENG Qi, MU Chunrong, et al. A new method for computing the increased rate of water cut for waterflooding sandstone reservoirs:A correction of fractional flow equation method[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2015, 27(3):79-83. doi:10.11935/j.issn.16731506.2015.03.012
[16] 沈非,程林松,黄世军,等. 基于流管法的普通稠油水驱波及系数计算方法[J]. 石油钻采工艺,2016,38(5):645-649. doi:10.13639/j.odpt.2016.05.019 SHEN Fei, CHENG Linsong, HUANG Shijun, et al. Calculation of sweep efficiency for water flooding development of conventional heavy oil using the stream-tube method[J]. Oil Drilling & Production Technology, 2016, 38(5):645-649. doi:10.13639/j.odpt.2016.05.019
[17] 沈瑞,高树生,胡志明,等. 低渗透油藏水驱波及系数计算方法及应用[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发,2013,32(2):60-65. doi:10.3969/J.issn.10003754.2013.02.010 SHEN Rui, GAO Shusheng, HU Zhiming, et al. Calculating method and its application of water-flooding swept coefficient for low-permeability oil reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2013, 32(2):60-65. doi:10.3969/J.issn.10003754.2013.02.010
[18] 何聪鸽,范子菲,方思冬,等. 特低渗透各向异性油藏平面波及系数计算方法[J]. 油气地质与采收率,2015,22(3):77-83. doi:10.3969/j.issn.10099603.2015.03.014 HE Congge, FAN Zifei, FANG Sidong, et al. Calculation of areal sweep efficiency for extra-low permeability anisotropy reservoir[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Effiency, 2015, 22(3):77-83. doi:10.3969/j.issn.10099603.2015.03.014
[19] 范天一,宋新民,吴淑红,等. 低渗透油藏水驱动态裂缝数学模型及数值模拟[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2015,42(4):496-501. doi:10.11698/PED.2015.04.11 FAN Tianyi, SONG Xinmin, WU Shuhong, et al. A mathematical model and numerical simulation of waterflood induced dynamic fractures of low permeability reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2015, 42(4):496-501. doi:10.11698/PED.2015.04.11
[20] 曹仁义,周焱斌,熊琪,等. 低渗透油藏平面波及系数评价及改善潜力[J]. 油气地质与采收率,2015,22(1):74-77. doi:10.3969/j.issn.10099603.2015.01.014 CAO Renyi, ZHOU Yanbin, XIONG Qi, et al. Evalutaion and improvement of areal sweep efficiency for low permeability reservoir[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Effiency, 2015, 22(1):74-77. doi:10.3969/j.issn.10099603.2015.01.014
[21] 李兴科,尹洪军,徐志涛,等. 基于流管法的低渗透油藏水驱动态分析[J]. 水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2017,32(6):704-711. doi:10.16076/j.cnki.cjhd.2017.06.006 LI Xingke, YIN Hongjun, XU Zhitao, et al. Analysis of water drive performance using streamtube method in low permeability reservoirs[J]. Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics, 2017, 32(6):704-711. doi:10.16076/j.cnki.cjhd.2017.06.006
[22] 张洪亮. 特低渗透油田提压注水效果探讨与实践[J]. 中国工程科学,2012,14(4):62-64. doi:10.3969/j.issn.10091742.2012.04.013 ZHANG Hongliang. Discussions and practice of pressurized water injection for ultra low permeability oilfield[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2012, 14(4):62-64. doi:10.3969/j.issn.10091742.2012.04.013
[23] 马鸿来,吴红果,郭伟峰,等. 鄯善油田提压注水试验应用效果评价[J]. 吐哈油气,2007,12(3):250-253. MA Honglai, WU Hongguo, GUO Weifeng. et al. Evaluation application effect of water flooding experiment by increasing pressure in Shanshan Oilfield[J]. Tuha Oil & Gas, 2007, 12(3):250-253.
[24] 张国萍,肖良,胡艳霞,等. 层内生气提高采收率技术在中原断块油田的应用[J]. 油气地质与采收率,2004,11(5):60-61. doi:10.3969/j.issn.10099603.2004.05.021 ZHANG Guoping, XIAO Liang, HU Yanxia, et al. Applications of in situ gas generation for enhanced oil recovery to Zhongyuan Faulted Block Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2004, 11(5):60-61. doi:10.3969/j.issn.10099603.2004.05.021
[25] 张博,徐景亮,李翔,等. 层内生成CO₂技术提高采收率机理研究及应用[J]. 西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,32(3):94-98. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673064X.2017.03.015 ZHANG Bo, XU Jingliang, LI Xiang, et al. Mechanism research and application of enhancing oil recovery by in-situ CO₂ generating technology[J]. Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition), 2017, 32(3):94-98. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673064X.2017.03.015