深层超深层油气钻井提速研究与展望

doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2024.09.01.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 提高钻速、井下复杂防控、提高油气钻遇率是深层超深层油气钻井面临的3大问题。围绕这3大问题，“十二五”以来，中国在旋转导向、精细控压、高效PDC钻头及提速钻具、承压堵漏等技术方面取得重要进展，钻成了一批8 000 m左右的超深井。聚焦钻井提速，总结近年来在钻柱动力学、高效破岩和辅助提速钻具方面的研究进展，主要包括：回顾了国内外钻柱动力学理论发展历程，探讨了钻柱振动与屈曲以及动态摩阻扭矩评价方法；聚焦深部硬岩塑—脆性临界高效破岩理论，总结了基于塑—脆性临界破碎的钻头选型与优化设计方法；系统介绍了基于冲击加速裂纹扩展和振荡减阻等视角研制的系列提速钻具和基于CAE数值计算的相关分析评价方法；以及总结分析了基于能量高效传递与高效利用的综合提速方法；并提出了加大井下动力钻具攻关和开展新型破岩方式的研究建议。研究工作对提高深难钻地层和超深层复杂结构井的钻井速度有一定参考价值。

关键词: 深层超深层, 提高钻速, 钻柱动力学, 塑脆性临界高效破碎, 提速钻具

Abstract: Increasing ROP, controlling complex downhole conditions, and improving drilling-encounter ratio are the three major challenges in deep and ultra-deep oil and gas drilling. Since the “12th Five-Year Plan” period, China has made significant progress in drilling technologies such as rotary steering, precise pressure control, efficient PDC bits, and drilling tools, and a number of ultra-deep wells of about 8 000 meters have been drilled. This paper focuses on the ROP improvement and summarizes the recent research progress in drillstring dynamics, efficient rock breaking and drilling tools, mainly including the review of the development of drillstring dynamics theory, the evaluation methods of drillstring vibration, buckling, and dynamic friction torque. Focusing on the theory of ductile-brittle critical failure of rock, the selection and optimal design method of drill bit based on ductile-brittle critical failure are deeply analyzed. This paper also systematically introduces a series of drilling tools based on impact accelerated crack growth and vibration drag reduction, and the relevant analysis and evaluation method based on CAE numerical calculation. The comprehensive ROP improving method based on efficient energy transfer and utilization is summarized and analyzed. Finally, suggestions are provided for increasing research efforts on downhole power drilling tools and new rock breaking methods. The research work has a certain reference value for improving the drilling speed of deep hard formation and ultra-deep complex structure wells.

Key words: deep and ultra-deep formation, ROP improvement, drillstring dynamics, ductile-brittle transition, drilling tools for improving ROP

中图分类号:

TE21

祝效华. 深层超深层油气钻井提速研究与展望[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2025, 47(3): 1-9.

ZHU Xiaohua. Researches on and Prospect of ROP Improvement in Deep and Ultra-deep Oil and Gas Drilling[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition), 2025, 47(3): 1-9.

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