非常规储层液氮低温致裂理论及研究进展

doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2021.03.01.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 液氮压裂是一种极具前景的无水压裂技术，可为非常规油气水力压裂所面临的耗水量巨大、储层伤害和环境污染等问题提供解决方案。低温致裂岩石是液氮高效改造储层的基础和关键。基于作者前期在液氮压裂方面的研究成果，重点针对液氮低温致裂研究进行归纳总结，系统地阐述了液氮超低温作用下岩石物理及力学特性变化规律，分析了影响液氮低温致裂效果的关键因素及主要机制，从矿物学角度揭示了岩石损伤破裂的微观模式和特征，剖析了液氮对于不同岩性类型、不同原生孔隙结构、不同储层原位状态（高温/饱水）岩石的适用性。本研究旨在帮助读者更加全面、深入了解液氮低温致裂岩石的基本理论及研究进展，为后续液氮压裂技术研究及工程应用提供基础理论指导。

关键词: 非常规储层, 液氮, 压裂, 低温致裂, 岩石

Abstract: Liquid nitrogen (LN₂) fracturing is a promising waterless stimulation method, which could provide solutions for issues accompanying hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs, such as large water consumption, formation damage and environmental risks. Cryogenic cracking is the primary advantage for applying LN₂ in reservoir stimulation. Based on previous studies of LN₂ fracturing, this paper puts particular focus on the cryogenic cracking. Physical and mechanical property changes of rocks subjected to LN₂ cooling are elaborated, and the primary parameters influencing cryogenic cracking performances and corresponding mechanisms are analyzed in detail. Microscopic patterns and characteristics of rock damage are revealed from the perspective of mineralogy. Additionally, we also evaluate the applicability of LN₂ to rocks with various lithology, various primary pore structures and various in-situ states (high temperature, water saturation). The purpose of this paper is to help readers better understand the theory and research progress of cryogenic cracking with LN₂ and provide some theoretical guidance for future studies and applications of the LN₂ fracturing technique.

Key words: unconventional reservoir, liquid nitrogen, fracturing, thermal shock cracking, rock

中图分类号:

TE357

黄中伟, 武晓光, 邹文超, 杨睿月, 谢紫霄. 非常规储层液氮低温致裂理论及研究进展[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 43(5): 155-165.

HUANG Zhongwei, WU Xiaoguang, ZOU Wenchao, YANG Ruiyue, XIE Zixiao. Theory and Research Progress of Cryogenic Cracking with Liquid Nitrogen in Unconventional Reservoirs[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition), 2021, 43(5): 155-165.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: http://journal15.magtechjournal.com/Jwk_xnzk/CN/10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2021.03.01.01

http://journal15.magtechjournal.com/Jwk_xnzk/CN/Y2021/V43/I5/155

参考文献

[1] 邹才能,潘松圻,党刘栓. 论能源革命与科技使命[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2019,41(3):1-12. doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2019.04.07.01 ZOU Caineng, PAN Songqi, DANG Liushuan. On the energy revolution and the mission of science and technology[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition), 2019, 41(3):1-12. doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2019.04.07.01
[2] 曾凡辉,郭建春,刘恒,等. 北美页岩气高效压裂经验及对中国的启示[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(6):90-98. doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.2013.06.012 ZENG Fanhui, GUO Jianchun, LIU Heng, et al. Experience of efficient fracturing of shale gas in north America and enlightenment to China[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition), 2013, 35(6):90-98. doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.2013.06.012
[3] 周明,廖茂,韩宏昌,等. 页岩气低伤害超临界CO₂凝胶压裂液研究[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2019,41(6):100-105. doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2019.09.17.07 ZHOU Ming, LIAO Mao, HAN Hongchang, et al. Low damage supercritical CO₂ gel fracturing fluid for shale gas[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition), 2019, 41(6):100-105. doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2019.09.17.07
[4] 刘学利,胡文革,谭涛,等. 塔河底水砂岩油藏氮气泡沫驱技术研究[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(6):105-110. doi:10.11885/j.issn.16745086.2015.01.19.02 LIU Xueli, HU Wenge, TAN Tao, et al. Researches on nitrogen foam flooding technology in the Tahe Triassic sandstone reservoir[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition), 2016, 38(6):105-110. doi:10.11885/j.issn.16745086.2015.01.19.02
[5] 蒋廷学,左罗,黄静. 少水压裂技术及展望[J]. 石油钻探技术,2020,48(5):1-8. doi:10.11911/syztjs.2020119 JIANG Tingxue, ZUO Luo, HUANG Jing. Development trends and prospects of less-water hydraulic fracturing technology[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2020, 48(5):1-8. doi:10.11911/syztjs.2020119
[6] 王海柱,李根生,郑永,等. 超临界CO₂压裂技术现状与展望[J]. 石油学报,2020,41(1):116-126. doi:10.7623/syxb202001011 WANG Haizhu, LI Gensheng, ZHENG Yong, et al. Research status and prospects of supercritical CO₂ fracturing technology[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020, 41(1):116-126. doi:10.7623/syxb202001011
[7] WILSON D R, SIEBERT R M, LIVELY P. Cryogenic coal bed gas well stimulation method:US, US5464061 A[P]. 1995.
[8] MCDANIEL B W, GRUNDMANN S R, KENDRICK W D, et al. Field applications of cryogenic nitrogen as a hydraulic fracturing fluid[C]. SPE 38623-MS, 1997. doi:10.2118/38623-MS
[9] GRUNDMANN S R, RODVELT G D, DIALS G A, et al. Cryogenic nitrogen as a hydraulic fracturing fluid in the devonian shale[C]. SPE 51067-MS, 1998. doi:10.2118/51067-MS
[10] 黄中伟,位江巍,李根生,等. 液氮冻结对岩石抗拉及抗压强度影响试验研究[J]. 岩土力学,2016,37(3):694-700,834. doi:10.16285/j.rsm.2016.03.011 HUANG Zhongwei, WEI Jiangwei, LI Gensheng, et al. An experimental study of tensile and compressive strength of rocks under cryogenic nitrogen freezing[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2016, 37(3):694-700, 834. doi:10.16285/j.rsm.2016.03.011
[11] 杨兆中,张云鹏,贾敏,等. 低温对煤岩渗透性影响试验研究[J]. 岩土力学,2017,38(2):354-360. doi:10.16285/j.rsm.2017.02.007 YANG Zhaozhong, ZHANG Yunpeng, JIA Min, et al. Experimental research on influence of low temperature on coal permeability[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2017, 38(2):354-360. doi:10.16285/j.rsm.2017.02.007
[12] 张春会,郭晓康,李和万,等. 液氮溶浸对饱水煤裂隙扩展的影响研究[J]. 煤炭科学技术,2016,44(6):99-105. doi:10.13199/j.cnki.cst.2016.06.016 ZHANG Chunhui, GUO Xiaokang, LI Hewan, et al. Study on influence of liquid nitrogen infiltration to saturated water coal fracture expanded[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2016, 44(6):99-105. doi:10.13199/j.cnki.cst.2016.06.016
[13] 任韶然,范志坤,张亮,等. 液氮对煤岩的冷冲击作用机制及试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(S2):3790-3794. REN Shaoran, FAN Zhikun, ZHANG Liang, et al. Mechanisms and experimental study of thermal-shock effect on coal-rock using liquid nitrogen[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2013, 32(S2):3790-3794.
[14] 李和万,王来贵,张豪,等. 循环冷加载条件下受载煤样结构损伤规律[J]. 煤炭学报,2017,42(9):2345-2352. doi:10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2016.1763 LI Hewan, WANG Laigui, ZHANG Hao, et al. Investigation on damage laws of loading coal samples under cyclic cooling treatment[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2017, 42(9):2345-2352. doi:10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2016.1763
[15] LEMMON E W, BELL I H, HUBER M L, et al. NIST standard reference database 23:Reference fluid thermodynamic and transport properties-REFPROP, Version 10.0, national institute of standards and technology[CP]. (2021-03-29)[2021-09-23]. https://pages.nist.gov/REFPROP-docs/.
[16] CAI Chengzheng, GAO Feng, LI Gensheng, et al. Evaluation of coal damage and cracking characteristics due to liquid nitrogen cooling on the basis of the energy evolution laws[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science & Engineering, 2016, 29:30-36. doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2015.12.041
[17] 黄中伟,蔡承政,李根生,等. 液氮磨料射流流场特性及颗粒加速效果研究[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(6):80-86. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2016.06.010 HUANG Zhongwei, CAI Chengzheng, LI Gensheng, et al. Flow behavior and particle acceleration effect of abrasive liquid nitrogen jet[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science), 2016, 40(6):80-86. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2016.06.010
[18] 黄中伟,武晓光,李冉,等. 高压液氮射流提高深井钻速机理[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2019,46(4):768-775. doi:10.11698/PED.2019.04.16 HUANG Zhongwei, WU Xiaoguang, LI Ran, et al. Mechanism of drilling rate improvement using high-pressure liquid nitrogen jet[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2019, 46(4):768-775. doi:10.11698/PED.2019.04.16
[19] CAI Chengzheng, LI Gensheng, HUANG Zhongwei, et al. Rock pore structure damage due to freeze during liquid nitrogen fracturing[J]. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2014. 39(12):9249-9257.
[20] 蔡承政,李根生,黄中伟,等. 液氮对页岩的致裂效应及在压裂中应用分析[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(1):79-85. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2016.01.011 CAI Chengzheng, LI Gensheng, HUANG Zhongwei, et al. Thermal cracking effect of liquid nitrogen on shale and its application analysis in hydraulic fracturing[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science), 2016, 40(1):79-85. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2016.01.011
[21] CAI Chengzheng, LI Gengsheng, HUANG Zhongwei, et al. Experiment of coal damage due to super-cooling with liquid nitrogen[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2015, 22:42-48. doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2014.11.016
[22] 蔡承政. 液氮低温致裂岩石机理与射流流场研究[D]. 北京:中国石油大学(北京),2015. CAI Chengzheng. Research on mechanims of rock cryogenic cracking with liquid nitrogen and flow field of liquid nitrogen jet[D]. Beijing:China University of Petroleum, 2015.
[23] CAI Chengzheng, HUANG Zhongwei, LI Gengsheng, et al. Feasibility of reservoir fracturing stimulation with liquid nitrogen jet[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2016, 144:59-65. doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2016.02.033
[24] 武晓光. 液氮射流破岩机理研究[D]. 北京:中国石油大学(北京),2020. WU Xiaoguang. Rock-breaking mechanisms of liquid nitrogen jets[D]. Beijing:China University of Petroleum, 2020.
[25] WU Xiaoguang, HUANG Zhongwei, SONG Hengyu, et al. Variations of physical and mechanical properties of heated granite after rapid cooling with liquid nitrogen[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2019, 52:2123-2139. doi:10.1007/s00603-018-1727-3
[26] WU Xiaoguang, HUANG Zhongwei, CHENG Zhen, et al. Effects of cyclic heating and LN₂-cooling on the physical and mechanical properties of granite[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2019, 156:99-110. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.04.046
[27] 董晓强,陈瑞锋. 冻融循环作用下土体特性研究进展[J]. 太原理工大学学报,2017,48(3):275-287. doi:10.16355/j.cnki.issn1007-9432tyut.2017.03.002 DONG Xiaoqiang, CHEN Ruifeng. Research progress of soil properties under freezing and thawing cycles[J]. Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology, 2017, 48(3):275-287. doi:10.16355/j.cnki.issn1007-9432tyut.2017.03.002
[28] 翟成,徐吉钊.液氮循环致裂技术强化煤层气抽采的研究与应用展望[J]. 工矿自动化,2020,46(10):1-8. doi:10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.17669 ZHAI Cheng, XU Jizhao. Research on cyclic liquid nitrogen fracturing technology for enhancing coalbed methane drainage and its application prospect[J]. Industry and Mine Automation, 2020, 46(10):1-8. doi:10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.17669
[29] 黄中伟,温海涛,武晓光,等. 液氮冷却作用下高温花岗岩损伤实验[J]. 中国石油大学学报,2019,43(2):68-76. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2019.02.008 HUANG Zhongwei, WEN Haitao, WU Xiaoguang, et al. Experimental study on cracking of high temperature granite using liquid nitrogen[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science), 2019, 43(2):68-76. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2019.02.008
[30] WU Xiaoguang, HUANG Zhongwei, ZHANG Shikun, et al. Damage analysis of high-temperature rocks subjected to LN₂ thermal shock[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2019, 52(8):2585-2603. doi:10.1007/s00603-018-1711-y