高速铁路车轮的磨损与疲劳研究

doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2020.10.23.04

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 169-182.DOI: 10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2020.10.23.04

高速铁路车轮的磨损与疲劳研究

朱振宇¹, 王清远^1,2, 戴光泽³, 朱一林⁴

1. 成都大学机械工程学院, 四川成都 610106;
2. 四川大学建筑与环境学院, 四川成都 610065;
3. 西南交通大学材料科学与工程学院, 四川成都 610031;
4. 西南石油大学土木工程与测绘学院, 四川成都 610500

收稿日期:2020-10-23 发布日期:2022-01-08
通讯作者: 朱一林,E-mail:zhuyiln@swpu.edu.cn
作者简介:朱振宇,1983年生,男,汉族,山东聊城人,讲师,博士,主要从事金属材料的疲劳、断裂及力学强化方面的研究。E-mail:mse_zhu@my.swjtu.edu.cn;王清远,1965年生,男,汉族,重庆开县人,教授,博士,主要从事新型材料与结构力学问题、超长寿命疲劳与可靠性方面的研究。E-mail:wangqy@cdu.edu.cn;戴光泽,1963年生,男,回族,重庆渝中人,教授,博士,主要从事材料服役行为及强度评价、新型环境功能碳材料方面的研究。E-mail:daiguangze@swjtu.edu.cn;朱一林,1988年生,男,汉族,山东单县人,副研究员,博士,主要从事材料多场耦合循环变形和疲劳及拉胀超材料设计方面的研究。E-mail:zhuyiln@swpu.edu.cn
基金资助:
四川省科技厅国际合作项目（2020YFH0127）

A Study on Wear and Fatigue of High-speed Railway Wheels

ZHU Zhenyu¹, WANG Qingyuan^1,2, DAI Guangze³, ZHU Yilin⁴

1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China;
2. College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China;
3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China;
4. School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China

Received:2020-10-23 Published:2022-01-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近20年来，高速铁路得到了日新月异的发展，然而，对于高速铁路的关键性行走部件车轮，由于其服役环境是开放性的，并且伴随不断增加的车速及轴重，给车轮带来更加严峻和复杂的损伤。从轮轨接触问题出发，综述了高速铁路车轮主要损伤行为（磨损、疲劳）的现象及特点。由于轮轨接触面开放性的机械热交换作用而导致的车轮表面及近表面结构的热弹性不稳定性，是造成磨损的根本性原因；然而，与磨损缓慢的损伤过程不同，由材料成分和服役过程中机械载荷引起的应力大小和方向上的反复变化，诱发了疲劳源的萌生与裂纹扩展，且形式多样、破坏性更大。通过运用材料的塑性流变特性对车轮近表面的热弹性和内部织构的分析，归纳、总结了与磨损、疲劳等力学性能劣化相关的车轮材料组织、结构的响应特征，为车轮成型设计与服役安全评估提供了理论支撑。

关键词: 高速铁路车轮, 磨损, 疲劳, 塑性流变, 裂纹扩展

Abstract: During the last two decades, high-speed railway has been developing rapidly. However, as the key walking part of high-speed railway, wheels with characteristics of open service environment and the increase of vehicle speed and axle load, have suffered more severe and complex damage. Starting from the wheel/rail contact problem, main damage behaviors of highspeed railway wheels, such as wear and fatigue, are summarized. It is found that thermal elastic instability beneath wheels tread caused by mechanical heat exchange between wheels and rails, is the fundamental reason of wear. However, unlike slow damage process of wear, repeated changes of stress magnitude and direction caused by material composition and mechanical loading during service lead to fatigue initiation and propagation, and forms of wheel fatigue are more various and destructive. Based on the analysis of thermal elasticity and internal texture of surface/sub-surface materials by using the plastic rheology theory, wheel characteristic responses of microstructure related to wear and fatigue degradations are revealed, which provides a theoretical support for wheels molding design and service safety assessment.

Key words: high-speed railway wheel, wear, fatigue, plastic rheology, crack propagation

中图分类号:

TH117

朱振宇, 王清远, 戴光泽, 朱一林. 高速铁路车轮的磨损与疲劳研究[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 43(6): 169-182.

ZHU Zhenyu, WANG Qingyuan, DAI Guangze, ZHU Yilin. A Study on Wear and Fatigue of High-speed Railway Wheels[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition), 2021, 43(6): 169-182.

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高速铁路车轮的磨损与疲劳研究

A Study on Wear and Fatigue of High-speed Railway Wheels

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