Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Formation, Migration, and Accumulation in the Jianghan Saline Lake Basin

doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2018.04.26.02

Abstract

Abstract: The Qianjiang Formation in the Qianjiang Depression in the Jianghan Basin is investigated for the unique hydrocarbon formation, migration, and accumulation patterns of a continental saline lake basin. Using paleontological and geochemical test data from core analyses, this study reconstructs the paleoenvironment and examines the saline lake sedimentation characteristics. It also investigates the hydrocarbon source rock and its evolution, as well as characteristics of the expulsion, migration, and accumulation of hydrocarbon in the basin. The analysis reveals that the paleoclimate of alternating dry and wet periods in the saline lake leads to alternating saline and freshwater in the lake basin. Such cyclic sediments, which consist of clastic rocks, carbonate rocks, and evaporites, can be defined as a lithologically hybrid sedimentary rock with complex compositions. High-quality source rocks in the basin developed during the transition between saline and freshwater periods but evolved quite slowly, so that they are still in the immature-low maturity stage. This unique sedimentation pattern results in low rates of hydrocarbon expulsion and, thereby, the formation of vast oil reservoirs. The hydrocarbon migrates mainly in lateral directions. The conventional sandstone oil reservoir is distributed along stratigraphic facies and near source rocks, being controlled by sandstones and source rocks. Continental saltine lake basins are significantly different from marine and freshwater lake basins in terms of sedimentation and hydrocarbon formation, migration, and accumulation. This difference should be specially considered during reservoir exploration.

Key words: saline lake, palaeoenvironment, sedimentation, source rock, migration and accumulation patterns, Qianjiang Depression, Qianjiang Formation, Jianghan Basin

CLC Number:

TE132

HUANG Hua. Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Formation, Migration, and Accumulation in the Jianghan Saline Lake Basin[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 40(6): 69-76.

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