Abstract: Aiming at the problems that the decomposition is not necessarily the sparse signal representation while the characteristic of signal is not completely in accordance with orthogonalbasis function in traditional signal decomposition,the characteristic abd of application of sparse signal representation algorithm are probed from the aspects of certainsignal and randomsignal based on overcomplete dictionary of atoms as well as analyzing the shortcoming of traditional signal decomposition,the development and current situation of sparse signal representation both home and abroad are correlated and studied,it is pointed out that the sparse signal representation of overcomplete dictionary of atoms can effectively realized high efficiency compression,but also enhance the resolution of transformation domain,and possesses unique superiority compared with traditional method.The technology will play an active role in data representation of hydrocarbon exploration by means of high resolution remote sensing imagination.

Key words: over-complete dictionary of atoms, sparse component analysis, highresolution remote sensing, oil-gas exploration, data representation