May Downward Flow of Oil and Gas Occur? A Discussion with Mr. Wang Yongshi

doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2024.05.08.01

Abstract

Abstract: In response to whether downward flow of oil and gas occurs in petroleum geology, based on the relevant theories of flow mechanics in porous media, the migration and accumulation mechanism of oil and gas and the formation mechanism of formation overpressure were deeply studied through theoretical analysis. The main understandings were obtained as follows: firstly, migration is different from flow, flow requires differential pressure drive, migration does not require differential pressure drive, and oil and gas migration is a discrete flow or droplet flow under buoyancy; secondly, oil and gas can migrate upwards, and downward flow of oil and gas will not occur due to the lack of driving force; thirdly, the laboratory experiments did not simulate underground conditions, with a large pressure difference and a high flow velocity, indicating oil and gas flow rather than oil and gas migration; fourthly, the mudstone formation is an open formation and there is no overpressure and formation water can balance formation pressure through flow; fifthly, oil and gas are separated and surrounded by formation water, and overpressure can occur and the overpressure is balanced by capillary pressure; sixthly, there is no upper source-lower reservoir model, and the source rock may not necessarily be located directly below the oil and gas reservoir. Lateral upward migration can also achieve the formation of oil and gas reservoirs.

Key words: migration of oil and gas, accumulation of oil and gas, downward flow of oil and gas, overpressure of formation, source rock, reservoir rock, cap rock

CLC Number:

TE121

LI Chuanliang, LIU Donghua. May Downward Flow of Oil and Gas Occur? A Discussion with Mr. Wang Yongshi[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition), 2024, 46(5): 170-182.

0
/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: http://journal15.magtechjournal.com/Jwk_xnzk/EN/10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2024.05.08.01

http://journal15.magtechjournal.com/Jwk_xnzk/EN/Y2024/V46/I5/170

References

[1] 李明诚.石油与天然气运移[M].3版.北京：石油工业出版社, 2004.LI Mingcheng.Oil and gas migration[M].3rd Ed.Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2004.
[2] 伍友佳,蔡正旗.油藏地质学[M].北京：石油工业出版社, 2000.WU Youjia, CAI Zhengqi.Reservoir geology[M].Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2000.
[3] 张厚福,方朝亮,高先志,等.石油地质学[M].北京：石油工业出版社, 1999.ZHANG Houfu, FANG Chaoliang, GAO Xianzhi, et al.Petroleum geology[M].Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1999.
[4] 付广,王有功.三肇凹陷青山口组源岩生成油向下“倒灌”运移层位及其研究意义[J].沉积学报, 2008, 26（2）:355-360.doi:10.14027/j.cnki.cjxb.200802015 FU Guang, WANG Yougong.Migration horizons downward of oil from K1qn source rock of F–Y oil layer in Sanzhao Depression and its significance[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2008, 26(2): 355–360.doi: 10.14027/j.cnki.cjxb.200802015
[5] 迟元林,萧德铭,殷进垠.松辽盆地三肇地区上生下储“注入式”成藏机制[J].地质学报, 2000, 74（4）:371-377.CHI Yuanlin, XIAO Deming, YIN Jinyin.The injection pattern of oil and gas migration and accumulation in the Sanzhao Area of Songliao Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica, 2000, 74(4): 371–377.
[6] 于洋.上生下储倒灌式油气运聚成藏空间预测方法及其应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发, 2021, 40（6）:44-51.doi:10.19597/J.ISSN.1000-3754.202009037 YU Yang.Predicting method of migration and accumulation space of the hydrocarbon reversed in upper sourcelower reservoir combination and its application[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2021, 40(6): 44–51.doi: 10.19597/J.ISSN.1000-3754.202009037
[7] 巨世昌,赵靖舟.浅谈推动油气“倒灌”运移的动力计算方法——以松辽盆地三肇地区扶杨油层为例[J].非常规油气, 2014, 1（3）:2528.JU Shichang, ZHAO Jingzhou.Discussion on the calculation method of the dynamics of promoting oil & gas “reversed migration”——A case of the Fuyang oil layer in the Sanzhao Area[J].Unconventional Oil & Gas, 2014, 1(3): 25–28.
[8] 杨喜贵,付广.松辽盆地北部扶杨油层油气成藏与分布的主控因素[J].特种油气藏, 2002, 9（2）:8-11.YANG Xigui, FU Guang.Dominating factors of forming and distribution of Fuyang reservoirs in north of Songliao Basin[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs, 2002, 9(2): 8–11.
[9] 史建南,郑荣才,冯青平,等.川东北长兴组埋藏白云石化流体来源与油气倒灌式成藏[J].天然气工业, 2009, 29（3）:5-8.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2009.03.002 SHI Jiannan, ZHENG Rongcai, FENG Qingping, et al.Fluid origin of burial dolomitization and hydrocarbon accumulation model of backward charging in Changxing Formation, NE Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry, 2009, 29(3): 5–8.doi: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2009.03.002
[10] 陈文正.再论四川盆地威远震旦系气藏的气源[J].天然气工业, 1992, 12（6）:28-32.CHEN Wenzheng.Discussing again on the source of Sinian gas pool in Weiyuan Gas Field in Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry, 1992, 12(6): 28–32.
[11] 刘爱田,黎凌川,客昆,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部彬长地区长9 成藏模式研究[J].辽宁化工, 2016, 45（1）:92-95.doi:10.14029/j.cnki.issn1004-0935.2016.01.032 LIU Aitian, LI Lingchuan, QIE Kun, et al.Research on hydrocarbon accumulation patterns of Chang 9 in Binchang Area in the south of Ordos Basin[J].Liaoning Chemical Industry, 2016, 45(1): 92–95.doi: 10.14029/j.cnki.issn10040935.2016.01.032
[12] 赵梅芳,吴玮,袁玮.鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区长8 段油气成藏主控因素研究[J].石油化工应用, 2024, 43（3）:82-85.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5285.2024.03.017 ZHAO Meifang, WU Wei, YUAN Wei.Research on main controlling factors of oil and gas accumulation in Chang 8 member in Fuxian Area, Ordos Basin[J].Petrochemical Industry Application, 2024, 43(3): 82–85.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5285.2024.03.017
[13] 朱必清,陈世加,白艳军,等.鄂尔多斯盆地甘泉地区延长组长8 段原油地球化学特征及来源[J].现代地质, 2022, 36（2）:742-754.doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.10008527.2022.199 ZHU Biqing, CHEN Shijia, BAI Yanjun, et al.Geochemical characteristics and source of crude oil in Chang 8 Member of Yanchang Formation, Ganquan Area, Ordos Basin[J].Geoscince, 2022, 36(2): 742–754.doi: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.199
[14] 刘显阳,魏柳斌,刘宝宪,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西南部寒武系风化壳天然气成藏特征[J].天然气工业, 2021, 41（4）:13-21.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2021.04.002 LIU Xianyang, WEI Liubin, LIU Baoxian, et al.Characteristics of natural gas accumulation in the Cambrian weathering crust in the southwestern Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry, 2021, 41(4): 13–21.doi: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2021.04.002
[15] 李佐有,谢非,胡天宝,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西缘北段奥陶系天然气成藏模式[J].石油化工应用, 2024, 43（1）:73-78.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5285.2024.01.016 LI Zuoyou, XIE Fei, HU Tianbao, et al.Gas accumulation model of Ordovician in the north section of the western margin of the Ordos Basin[J].Petrochemical Industry Application, 2024, 43(1): 73–78.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.16735285.2024.01.016
[16] 马立驰,王永诗,景安语.渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷下古生界潜山勘探新认识与新发现[J].油气地质与采收率, 2021, 28（1）:10-16.doi:10.13673/j.cnki.cn371359/te.2021.01.002 MA Lichi, WANG Yongshi, JING Anyu.New understanding and discovery in exploration of Lower Paleozoic buried hills in Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2021, 28(1): 10–16.doi: 10.13673/j.cnki.cn37-1359/te.2021.01.002
[17] 向立宏,郝雪峰.车西洼陷油气“倒灌”运移机理及最大距离预测[J].特种油气藏, 2016, 23（5）:34-37.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2016.05.008 XIANG Lihong, HAO Xuefeng.Hydrocarbon “downward migration” mechanism and maximum migration distance estimation in Chexi Sag[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs, 2016, 23(5): 34–37.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2016.05.008
[18] 李传亮,张景廉,杜志敏.油气初次运移理论新探[J].地学前缘, 2007, 14（4）:132-142.LI Chuanliang, ZHANG Jinglian, DU Zhimin.New viewpoints of the primary migration of oil and gas[J].Earth Science Frontiers, 2007, 14(4): 132–142.
[19] 李传亮.油气倒灌不可能发生[J].岩性油气藏, 2009, 21（1）:6-10.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8926.2009.01.003 LI Chuanliang.Downward migration of oil and gas can not occur[J].Lithologic Reservoirs, 2009, 21(1): 6–10.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8926.2009.01.003
[20] 王永诗,单亦先,劳海港.油气“倒灌”的物理模拟及其石油地质意义[J].西南石油大学学报（自然科学版）, 2014, 36（2）:45-50.doi:10.11885/j.issn.16745086.2012.08.30.02 WANG Yongshi, SHAN Yixian, LAO Haigang.Physical simulation of oil and gas backflow and its geological significance[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition), 2014, 36(2): 45–50.doi: 10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2012.08.30.02
[21] 庞雄奇.油气富集门限与勘探目标优选[M].北京：科学出版社, 2014.PANG Xiongqi.Hydrocarben enrichment threshold and exploration targets evaluation[M].Beijing: Science Press, 2014.
[22] 李斌,吉鑫,彭军,等.川东南涪陵地区凉高山组湖相页岩生烃潜力评价[J].西南石油大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 45（6）:43-56.doi:10.11885/j.issn.16745086.2021.11.29.02 LI Bin, JI Xin, PENG Jun, et al.Evaluation of hydrocarbon generation potential of lacustrine shale of Lianggaoshan Formation in Fuling Area, southeastern Sichuan[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition), 2023, 45(6): 43–56.doi: 10.11885/j.issn.16745086.2021.11.29.02
[23] 陈义才,蒋裕强,郭贵安,等.川中地区上三叠统香溪群烃源岩热演化史模拟[J].西南石油大学学报（自然科学版）, 2007, 29（2）:57-60.doi:10.3863/j.issn.16745086.2007.02.015 CHEN Yicai, JIANG Yuqiang, GUO Guian, et al.Simulation of the source rock thermal evolution history of Xiangxi Group[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition), 2007, 29(2): 57–60.doi: 10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.2007.02.015
[24] PRICE L C.Aqueous solubility of petroleum as applied to its origin and primary migration[J].AAPG Bulletin, 1976, 60(2): 213–244.
[25] 李传亮.油藏工程原理[M].3版.北京：石油工业出版社, 2017.LI Chuanliang.Fundamentals of reservoir engineering[M].3rd Ed.Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2017.
[26] 赵文智,卞从胜,李永新,等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系长73亚段页岩有机质转化率、排烃效率与页岩油主富集类型[J].石油勘探与开发, 2023, 50（1）:12-23.doi:10.11698/PED.20220459 ZHAO Wenzhi, BIAN Congsheng, LI Yongxin, et al.Organic matter transformation ratio, hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency and shale oil enrichment type in Chang 73 shale of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2023, 50(1): 12–23.doi: 10.11698/PED.20220459
[27] 李传亮.岩石欠压实概念质疑[J].新疆石油地质, 2005, 26（4）:450-452.LI Chuanliang.Discussion of undercompaction of rocks[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2005, 26(4): 450– 452.
[28] 齐亚林,惠潇,梁艳,等.平衡深度法恢复鄂尔多斯盆地延长组过剩压力探讨[J].石油地质与工程, 2014, 28（5）:20-22.QI Yalin, HUI Xiao, LIANG Yan, et al.Equilibrium depth method to restore Yanchang Formation pressure of Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering, 2014, 28(5): 20–22.
[29] 李传亮.等效深度法并不等效[J].岩性油气藏, 2009, 21（4）:120-123.LI Chuanliang.Equivalent depth method is not equivalent[J].Lithologic Reservoirs, 2009, 21(4): 120–123.
[30] 马晓红.断裂对凹陷区上生下储油运聚成藏的控制作用——以松辽盆地三肇凹陷扶、杨油层为例[J].大庆石油地质与开发, 2009, 21（4）:120-123.doi:10.3969/J.issn.1000-3754.2013.05.005 MA Xiaohong.Controlling action of the faults over the oil migration and accumulation in combination of upper source rocks and lower reservoirs in the sag area: An example from FY oil layers in Sanzhao Sag of Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2009, 21(4): 120–123.doi: 10.3969/J.issn.10003754.2013.05.005
[31] 付广,张桓.油气倒灌运移形式分布区预测方法及其应用[J].地质论评, 2017, 63（3）:822-830.doi:10.16509/j.georeview.2017.03.020 FU Guang, ZHANG Huan.Forecasting method and application of oil and gas flowing backward migration patterns in range of distribution[J].Geological Review, 2017, 63(3): 822–830.doi: 10.16509/j.georeview.2017.03.020
[32] 袁红旗,张姗姗,于英华,等.油气沿断裂垂向倒灌运移最大深度的研究方法及其应用[J].地质论评, 2019, 65（2）:445-452.doi:10.16509/j.georeview.2019.02.014 YUAN Hongqi, ZHANG Shanshan, YU Yinghua, et al.The research method and its application of the maximum depth of oil and gas vertically downward migration along faults[J].Geological Review, 2019, 65(2): 445–452.doi: 10.16509/j.georeview.2019.02.014
[33] 罗群,宋子学.油气沿断裂向下幕式运移的机理[J].新疆石油地质, 2008, 29（2）:170-171.LUO Qun, SONG Zixue.Mechanism of episode petroleum migration along faults down[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2008, 29(2): 170–171.
[34] 何更生,唐海.油层物理[M].2版.北京：石油工业出版社, 2011.HE Gengsheng, TANG Hai.Petrophysics[M].2nd Ed.Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2011.
[35] 李传亮,孔祥言,杜志敏,等.多孔介质的流变模型研究[J].力学学报, 2003, 35（2）:230-234.doi:10.3321/j.issn:0459-1879.2003.02.018 LI Chuanliang, KONG Xiangyan, DU Zhimin, et al.A study on the rheological model of porous media[J].Acta Mechanica Sinica, 2003, 35(2): 230–234.doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0459-1879.2003.02.018
[36] 王志宏,李建明.饶阳凹陷异常高压与油气成藏关系[J].岩性油气藏, 2014, 26（6）:15-19.WANG Zhihong, LI Jianming.Abnormal high pressure and its relation to hydrocarbon accumulation in Raoyang Sag[J].Lithologic Reservoirs, 2014, 26(6): 15–19.
[37] 李传亮,朱苏阳,刘东华.盖层封堵油气的机理研究[J].岩性油气藏, 2019, 31（1）:12-19.doi:10.12108/yxyqc.20190102 LI Chuanliang, ZHU Suyang, LIU Donghua.Mechanism of sealing oil and gas with cap-rocks[J].Lithologic Reservoirs, 2019, 31(1): 12–19.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20190102
[38] 李传亮,朱苏阳.页岩气其实是自由气[J].岩性油气藏, 2013, 25（1）:1-3.LI Chuanliang, ZHU Suyang.Shale gas is free gas underground[J].Lithologic Reservoirs, 2013, 25(1): 1–3.
[39] 奇林格G V.异常地层压力成因与预测[M].北京：石油工业出版社, 2004.CHILINGER G V.Origin and prediction of abnormal formation pressures[M].Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2004.
[40] 真柄钦次.压实与流体运移[M].北京：石油工业出版社, 1981.MAGARA K.Compaction and fluid migration[M].Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1981.
[41] 李伟,喻梓靓,王雪柯,等.中国含油气盆地深层、超深层超压盖层成因及其与超大型气田的关系[J].天然气工业, 2020, 40（2）:11-21.doi:10.3787/j.issn.10000976.2020.02.002 LI Wei, YU Ziliang, WANG Xueke, et al.Formation mechanisms of deep and ultra-deep overpressure cap rocks and their relationships with super large gas fields in the petroliferous basins of China[J].Natural Gas Industry, 2020, 40(2): 11–21.doi: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2020.02.002
[42] 郝雪峰,单亦先,劳海港.渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷车镇凹陷西部深层油气倒灌的物理模拟实验[J].石油实验地质, 2013, 35（1）:87-91.doi:10.11781/sysydz20130115 HAO Xuefeng, SHAN Yixian, LAO Haigang.Physical modeling of petroleum downward migration: A case study of western Chezhen Sag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2013, 35(1): 87–91.doi: 10.11781/sysydz20130115
[43] 李元昊,刘建平,梁艳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组低渗透岩性油藏成藏物理模拟[J].石油与天然气地质, 2009, 30（6）:706-712.LI Yuanhao, LIU Jianping, LIANG Yan, et al.Physical simulation of hydrocarbon accumulation in lowpermeability lithologic reservoirs: An example from the Yanchang Formation in the Upper Triassic of the Ordos Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology, 2009, 30(6): 706–712.
[44] 陆统智,曾溅辉,王濡岳,等.柴达木盆地英西地区致密油成藏物理模拟实验[J].天然气地球科学, 2022, 33（2）:256-266.doi:10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2021.09.005 LU Tongzhi, ZENG Jianhui, WANG Ruyue, et al.Physical simulation experiment of tight oil accumulation in Yingxi Area, Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience, 2022, 33(2): 256–266.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2021.09.005
[45] 曾溅辉.正韵律砂层中渗透率级差对石油运移和聚集影响的模拟实验研究[J].石油勘探与开发, 2000, 27（4）:102-105.ZENG Jianhui.Experimental simulation of impacts of vertical heterogeneity on oil migration and accumulation in fining upward sands[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2000, 27(4): 102–105.
[46] PAN C H.Petroleum in basement rocks[J].AAPG Bulletin, 1982, 66(10): 1597–1643.
[47] 孟卫工,李晓光,刘宝鸿.辽河坳陷变质岩古潜山内幕油藏形成主控因素分析[J].石油与天然气地质, 2007, 28（5）:584-589.MENG Weigong, LI Xiaoguang, LIU Baohong.Main factors controlling the formation of interior reservoirs in the metamorphic palaeo-buried hills of the Liaohe Depression[J].Oil & Gas Geology, 2007, 28(5): 584–589.
[48] 刘宝泉.任丘油田古潜山晶洞油和内幕油藏原油的油源对比[J].石油与天然气地质, 1987, 8（3）:253-260.LIU Baoquan.Research on oil source of Renqiu Oilfield buried hill miarolitic oil and inside hill reservoir oil[J].Oil & Gas Geology, 1987, 8(3): 253–260.
[49] 付广,冯赫青.凹陷区上生下储油侧向运移模式及油聚集——以松辽盆地三肇凹陷扶杨油层为例[J].岩性油气藏, 2012, 24（3）:11-14.FU Guang, FENG Heqing.Lateral migration model of oil in combination of upper source rock and lower reservoir and oil accumulation in depressed area: An example from Fuyu and Yangdachengzi oil layer in Sanzhao Depression, Songliao Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs, 2012, 24(3): 11–14.